Grape/grapes polyphenolics extraction

Grape seed polyphenolic extracts Gynostemma pentaphyllum Gypenosides Hemidesmus indicus 2 -Hydroxy-4 -methoxybenzaldehyde Hesperidin... 

Ferruzzi MG, Lobo JK, Janie EM, et al. Bioavailability of gallic acid and catechins from grape seed polyphenol extract is improved by repeated dosing in rats Implications for treatment in Alzheimer s disease. / Alzheimers Dis. 2009 18 113-124. 

Moreover, numerous studies have been developed on CHD patients. The intake of red grape polyphenol extract - which contains epicatechin, catechin, gallic acid, trans-resveratrol, s-viniferin, rutin, quercetin, p-coumaric, and ferulic acid -improved the endotheUal function in CHD patients. Similar results have been foimd for red grape juice [123]. Hypercholesterolemic patients were asked to consume red grape juice (500 mL/day) and red wine (250 mL/day) for 14 days. Results showed increased brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in both cases. However, increased endothelium-independent vasodilation was observed only in red wine-drinking patients [124]. Similar results and the same conclusions were drawn from a similar study on red grape juice. The daily ingestion of moderate... 

Ho L, Yemul S, Wang J, Pasinetti GM (2009) Grape seed polyphenolic extract as a potential novel therapeutic agent in tauopathies. J Alzheimers Dis 16(2) 433-439. doi 10.3233/JAD-2009-0969, FQ65P9545646548M [pii]... 

Figure 3 Alcohol augments grape skin polyphenol extraction Into white wine and Increases Its antioxidant capacity. Whole squeezed Muscat grapes were Incubated for 18 h with Increasing concentrations of alcohol up to 18%, after which the juice was separated from the grape skin and allowed to ferment Into wine. (A) Polyphenol concentration In wine samples was determined. (B) Wine samples at a final concentration of 2 pL/mL were added to LDL (100 mg of proteln/L) and Incubated with 5 pmol/L CUSO4 for 2 h at 37 °C. LDL oxidation was measured by LDL TBARS assay. LDL, low-density lipoprotein TBARS, thiobarbituric acld-reactlve substance. (C) Linear regression analysis of the total polyphenol concentration of wine and the wIne-Induced Inhibition of LDL oxidation.

Ruberto, G. et al.. Polyphenol constituents and antioxidant activity of grape pomace extracts from five Sicilian red grape cultivars. Food Chem., 100, 203, 2007. 

A. Kamangerpour, M. Ashraf-Khorassani, L.T. Taylor, H.M. McNair and L. Charida, Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) of polyphenolic compounds in grape seed extract. Chromatographia 55 (2002) 417 -21. 

Methods used for the detection of PAs in cmde or partially purified extracts can also be adapted for post-column analysis after fractionation (see below). Direct quantitative analysis of PAs in crude grape phenolic extracts is often impossible due to the complex sample matrix. Thus, fractionation or purification is often necessary before analysis. The Folin-Ciocalteu and Pmssian Blue assays are widely used for the quantification of total polyphenols in plants [27,28]. These methods are not specific for PAs due to the reaction of other phenolic compounds with these reagents. 

The antiatherosclerotic effect of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extracts was examined in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The proanthocyanidin-rich extracts [0.1% and 1% in diets (w/w)] did not change the serum lipid profile, but reduced the level of the cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (ChE-OOH) induced by 2,2/-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane-dihydrochloride (AAPH), the aortic malonaldehyde (MDA) content and severe atherosclerosis. The immuno-histochemical analysis revealed a decrease in the number of the oxidized LDL-positive macrophage-derived foam cells on the atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta in the rabbits fed the proanthocyanidin-rich extract. When the proanthocyanidin-rich extract was administered orally to the rats, proantho-cyanidin was detected in the plasma. In an in vitro experiment using human plasma, the addition of the proanthocyanidin-rich extract to the plasma inhibited the oxidation of cholesteryl linoleate in the LDL, but not in the LDL isolated after the plasma and the extract were incubated in advance. From these results, proanthocyanidins of the major polyphenols in red wine might trap ROSs in the plasma and interstitial fluid of the arterial wall, and consequently display antiatherosclerotic activity by inhibiting the oxidation of the LDL [92]. 

Polyphenol Analyses. Skin and seed extracts were prepared as described elsewhere (4,15). Flavonol and anthocyanin composition of grape skin extracts and wines were determined by direct reversed-phase HPLC analysis with diode array detection. The chromatographic conditions were the same as described earlier (16) but the formic acid concentration in the elution solvents was raised to 5% to improve anthocyanin resolution. Quantitations were based on peak areas, using mdvidin-3-glucoside (at 530nm) and quercetin-3-glucoside (at 360 nm) response factors, respectively, for anthocyanins and flavonols. 

A specially formulated grape seed extract that concentrates the isolate clinically proven to bring blood pressure down. This is sold as MegaNatural-BP by Polyphenolics. Take one capsule daily at any time. You can find it at www.polypheno-lics.com or call 866-308-7678. Again, standard formulations of grape seed extract are not expected to lower blood pressure. 

Data of polyphenols extracted from skins of Pinot noir and Barbera grapes using ethanol/H20/HCl 70 30 1 (v/v/v), tartrate buffer-12% ethanol containing Na2S205 2g/L and ethanol/H20/acetic acid 70 30 1 (v/v/v) solutions, are reported in Tables 2.2 and 2.3, respectively. 

Table 2.2 Polyphenols extracted from Pinot noir grape skins using three extractive solvents CTA, caftaric acid p-CuTA, coutaric acid FTA, fertaric acid, n.d., not detected.

Evaluation of olive- and grape-based natural extracts as potential preservatives for food was carried out by Serra et al. (2008). The antimicrobial activities of two waste-derived extracts, from olive oil and wine production, both rich in polyphenols, and three standard well recognized antioxidants (quercetin, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein) were investigated against five microbial species (Escherichia coli, Salmonella poona, Bacillus... 

In this study, therefore, flow injection analysis-chemiluminescence (FIA-CL) methods to evaluate quenching effects of functional foods against ROS such as singlet oxygen ( 02) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) were developed. The applicabilities of these methods were confirmed by evaluating quenching effects of grape seed extracts and their isolated polyphenols. 

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