Granulation and Pelletization

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Technology MARA, Selangor, Malaysia 

The solid bridges can also be formed by the resolidification of molten material. This is the basis by which meltable materials can be used as a binder in agglomeration. 

The growth processes of melt agglomerates are highly sensitive to formulation, processing, and equipment variables. Uncontrollable melt agglomeration is 

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Podczeck F. Powder, granule and pellet properties for filling of two-piece hard capsules, Chapter 5 in Pharmaceutical Capsules, 2nd ed. In Podczeck F, Jones BE, eds. London Pharmaceutical Press, 2004, 108. 

Lightweight particles, such as dusts and wettable powders, are easily carried by moving air. Granules and pellets are much heavier and tend to settle out of air quickly. Small spray droplets also are easily carried in air currents. High-pressure and fine nozzles produce very small spray droplets that are very likely to drift. Lower pressure and coarse nozzles produce larger droplets with less drift potential. 

Uranium Dioxide Production. The majority of the world s nuclear reactors are fueled with slightly enriched UOg prepared in the form of dense sintered pellets that are encapsulated in small bore tubes of zirconium alloy or stainless steel. Hex at the required enrichment(s) is produced specifically for a given reactor charge and the first process step with the UFg is to convert it to UOg having the desired ceramic-grade quality. This means an oxide which after granulation and pelleting can be sintered quickly and uniformly to pellets of near stoichiometric density. 

The proportion of ACBFS currently being produced, however, is decreasing relative to granulated and pelletized BFS production. 

Granulation and pelleting of plastics are realized in special machines. Granulation machines are extruders (mainly twin-screw types), kneaders, etc., equipped with a die-face cutter. The advantages of granules are the following ... 

Catalyst preparation evolved through the use of the mixed metal o.xides, the decomposition of mixed metal nitrates, and the precipitation of carbonates and hydroxides from solutions of metal salts. Because powders were difficult to handle, granules and pellets were produced using binders and tested in a variety of shapes and sizes. 

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