Gram-negative sepsis

In our preliminary studies, we assessed the effects of morphine on infection susceptibility using a subcutaneous chamber model of Gram-negative sepsis. The subcutaneous chamber model was employed based on the well-characterized proinflammatory immune response involved in pathogenesis of the infection and its clinical relevance... 

M. Pollack, in G. L. Mandell, R. G. Douglas, and J. E. Bennet (Eds.), Principles and Practice of Infection Diseases, Update 8, New Therapeutic Strategies in Gram-Negative Sepsis and Septic Shock Based on Molecular Mechanism of Pathogenesis, p. 1. Churchill Livington, New York, 1990. 

Schulman KA, Glick HA, Rubin H, Eisenberg JM. Cost effectiveness of HA-IA monoclonal antibody for gram-negative sepsis prospective economic assessment of a new therapeutic agent. JAMA 1991 226 3466-71. 

Endotoxemia correlates with severity of gram-negative sepsis. Nowadays, one of the recognized effective treatment methods is the use of Polymyxin B, which links and inactivates EPS both in a bacterinm wall and in a free form, however its... 

Greenman, R. L., Schein, R. M. H., Martin, M. A. etal. (1991). A controlled clinical trial of E5 murine monoclonal IgM antibody to endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis. JAMA 266, 1097-1102. 

Tobias, P.S., Mathison, J.C., Ulevitch, R.J. A family of lipopolysaccharide binding proteins involved in responses to Gram-negative sepsis. J Biol Chem 263 (1988) 13479-13481. 

Bone, R.C., Gram-negative sepsis a dilemma of modem medicine. Clin Microbiol Rev 6 (1993) 57-68. 

Wortel, C.H., Ziegler, E J., Van Deventer, S J.H. Therapy of Gram-negative sepsis in man with antiendotoxin antibodies A review. In Sturk, A. (ed), Bacterial Endotoxins Cytokine Mediators and New Therapies for Sepsis. Wiley-Liss, Inc., (1991) 161-78. 

Angus, D.C., Birmingham, M.C., Balk, R.A., Scannon, P.J., Collins, D., Kruse, J.A., Graham, D.R., Dedhia, H.V., Homann, S., MacIntyre, N. E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in gram-negative sepsis A randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators. JAMA 283 (2000) 1723-1730. 

Martin, M. A. and Silverman, H. J. (1992) Gram-negative sepsis and the adult respiratory distress syndrome../. Infect. Dis. 14, 1213-1228. 

ND-STAT brompheniramine, nebacumab [ban, inn. usan) (HA-1A) is a monoclonal antibody (MW c. 1,000,000) that has immunomodulator/ IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT activity. It has been used for treatment of Gram-negative sepsis and septic shock. Withdrawn from European market in 1994. 

Noone P, Parsons MC, Pattison JR, et al. Experience in monitoring gentamicin therapy during treatment of serious gram-negative sepsis. Br J Med 1974 1 477 81. 

The respiratory response to metabolic alkalosis is hypoventilation, which resnlts in an increased PaC02. Respiratory compensation is initiated within honrs when the central and peripheral chemoreceptors sense an increase in pH. The PaC02 increases 6 to 7 mm Hg for each 10-mEq/L increase in bicarbonate, np to a PaC02 of abont 50 to 60 mm Hg (see Table 51M) before hypoxia sensors react to prevent fnrther hypoventilation. If the PaC02 is normal or less than normal, one shonld consider the presence of a snperimposed respiratory alkalosis, which may be secondary to fever, gram-negative sepsis, or pain. 

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