Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The effects of ultrasound upon the permeability of the cell walls of the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa toward hydrophobic compounds particularly antibiotics have been examined [8]. The penetration and distribution of 16-dosylstearic acid (16-DS) in the cell membranes of the bacteria was quantified by a spin-labeling electron spin resonance (ESR) method. The results indicated that the intracellular concentration of 16- D S was higher in insonated cells and increased linearly with the sonication power. 

Natural Products and Related Substances - A basic peptide fraction of bee venom exhibits powerful antllnflanmatory effects In the carrageenln paw and adjuvant rat tests 13 vdiole bee venom is Ineffective in adjuvant arthritis in adrenalectomlzed rats 135 lymphocyte chalone concentrate from spleen exhibits immunosuppressive properties 13 vitamin A stimulates humoral and cell-mediated responsel37 and vitamin E exerts antiinflammatory effects in rats and on htiman skin.138 Improved methods of purification preparation and characterization of immunosuppressive material derived from bovine serum l39 antiinflammatory material from human plasma or gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomona aeruginosa),1 1 were described. 

The combined intrinsic activities of different efflux pumps play a major role for the intrinsic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to macrolides and oxazolidi-nones as well as to the intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against a broad range of disinfectants and antibiotics. 

It is nearly 50 years since a c-type cytochrome was shown to catalyze peroxidase activity in crude extracts of Pseudomonas fluorescens (40). The enzyme responsible was first purified some 20 years later by Ell-folk and Soninen from the closely related P. aeruginosa and shown to be a diheme cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) (41). These bacterial diheme CCPs are quite distinct from the superfamily of plant and yeast peroxidases (42) and are widely distributed among the Gram-negative bacteria (41, 43 6). Diheme CCPs are located in the periplasm (Fig. 2), where they catalyze the two-electron reduction of H2O2 to H2O by soluble one-electron donors such as cytochromes c and cupredoxins. 

Holden, M.T.G, Chhabra, S.R. de Nys, R., Stead, P., Bainton, NJ., Hill, P.J., Manefield, M., Kumar, N Labatte, M., England, D., Rice, S., Givskov, M., Salmond, GP.C., Stewart, G.S.A.B., Bycroft, B.W., Williams, P. Quorum sensing cross-talk isolation and chemical characterization of cyclic dipeptides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria. Mol Microbiol 1999 33 1254-1266. 

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