Grain, transportation

The capsules in HCP may use either rigid containers or flexible containers. Fig. 3 shows a 7 in.-diameter steel capsule tested for grain transport in an 8 in. steel pipe at the University of Missouri-Columbia (UMC). With rigid containers, a second pipeline is needed to return the empty capsules, as is the case with PCP. If flexible containers made of plastic film are used to hold... 

The data collected on ambient air concentrations of CClj in grain samples to be inspected were analyzed statistically for significant differences between means as related to location of work, type of grain, type of grain transportation vehicle, and date. 

Fig. 4 Element mappings (carbon C and oxygen O) and TEM pictures (bright field) of (a) smoothened and (b) rough area on a EKasic F wear track. Between and kept together by an oxygen-rich matrix single rounded SiC grains (= transported wear particles) can be seen.

We consider the port grain transportation system, presented in Figure 1, assigned to handle the clearing of exported and imported grain. 

The port grain transportation system function is loading railway trucks with grain. The railway truck loading is performed in the following successive grain transportation system steps ... 

Figure 1. The scheme of the port grain transportation system structure at the operation state Zj.

This way, the changes of the grain transportation system reliability structure at different operation states are defined. Its components reliability parameters at different operation states will be defined in this example continuation in Section 3. 

Taking into account the efficiency of the considered in Section 2 port grain transportation system we distinguish the following three reliability states of the systems and its components ... 

In the Table 1, the values of the coordinates of the port grain transportation system uncondi-... 

The graph of the three-state port grain transportation system unconditional reliability function is illustrated in Figure 5. 

ABSTRACT The method based on the results of the joint model linking a semi-Markov modelling of the system operation process with a multistate approach to system reliability and the linear programming are proposed to the operation and reliability optimization of complex technical systems at the variable operation conditions. The method consists in determining the optimal values of limit transient probabilities at the system operation states that maximize the system lifetimes in the reliability state subsets. The proposed method is applied to the operation and reliability optimization of the port grain transportation system composed of three multistate non-homogeneous series-parallel subsystems linked in series, changing its reliability structure and its components reliability parameters at variable operation conditions. 

Moreover, according to (17)-(18), the corresponding optimal unconditional multistate reliability function of the port grain transportation system is of the form... 

The graph of the port grain transportation system optimal reliability function R t, ) given by (44)-(46) is presented in Figure 2. 

Having these solutions, it is also possible to look for the optimal values M, of the mean values M, of the port grain transportation system operation process conditional sojourn times at operation states. Namely, substituting the values M instead of M, the probabilities... 

It can be seen that these solutions differ much from the mean values of the port grain transportation system conditional sojourn times at the particular operation states before its operation process optimization given by (7) in (Kolowrocki Soszynska-Budny 2014). 

Another very useful and much easier to be applied in practice tool that can help in planning the operation process of the port grain transportation system are the system operation process optimal mean values of the total sojourn times at the particular operation states during the system operation time that by the same assumpion as in (Kolowrocki Soszynska-Budny 2014) is equel to ff= 1 year = 365 days. Under this assumption, after aplying (25), we get the optimal values of the exemplary system operation process total sojourn times at the particular operation states during 1 year... 

The comparison of the values of the selected port grain transportation system reliability characteristics before the system operation process optimization given in (Kolowrocki Soszynska-Budny 2014) by (55)-(56) and (58) with their values after the system operation process optimization respectively given by (41)-(43) and (48) justifies the sensibility of the performed system operation process optimization. 

ABSTRACT The paper presents analytical and Monte Carlo simulation methods applied to the reliability evaluation of a complex multistate system. A semi-Markov process is applied to construct the multistate model of the system operation process and its main characteristics are determined. Analytical linking of the system operation process model with the system multistate reliability model is proposed to get a general reliability model of the complex system operating at varying in time operation conditions and to find its reliability characteristics. The application of Monte Carlo simulation based on the constructed general reliability model of the complex system is proposed to reliability evaluation of a port grain transportation system and the results of this application are illustrated and compared with the results obtained by analytical method. 

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