Preirradiation method

Grafting of vinyl monomers onto preirradiated polymers either in vacuum or air by the preirradiation method. 

Initiation by these methods can be carried out by either gamma rays or by electron beam. Usually grafting has been carried out either by the mutual or the preirradiation method using Co as a source of gamma rays. 

Effect of the Addition of Carbon Tetrachloride to the Styrene Grafting Solution, Preirradiation Method to Rayon Fibers. (Adapted from Min and Inagaki) Ref. 13. 

T. Momose, H. Yoshioka, I. Ishigaki and J. Okamoto, Radiation drafting of a,a,(3-trifluorostyrene onto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene)film by preirradiation method. I. Effects of preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and film thickness, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1989, 37, 2817-2826 II. Properties of cation exchange membrane obtained by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the grafted film, 1989, 38, 2091-2101 III. Properties of anion exchange membrane obtained by chloro-methylation and quatemization of the grafted film, 1990, 39, 1221-1230. 

FIGURE 10.11 Grafting by y-irradiation applying a preirradiation method. 

FIGURE 10.13 NIPAAm/APMA grafting onto PP films by preirradiated method (80 kGy dose) at 80°C for different times in 1 M NIPAAm 0.5 M APMA ( ) and 1 M NIPAAm M APMA ( ) in aqueous solutions. (Reprinted from Contreras-Garcfa, A. et al., Acta Biomater., 1, 996, 2011. With permission.)... 

Ahev, R., Garcia, R, and Burillo, G. 2000. Graft polymerizatidn of acryUc acid onto polycarbonate by the preirradiation method. Radial Phys Chem. 58 299-304. 

Bucio, E. and Burillo, G. 1997. Radiation Grafting of N,N-dimethylaminoethyhnethacrylate onto polyethylene film by preirradiation method. Polym Bull. 38 587-594. 

Ishigaki, L, Sugo, T., Senoo, K. et al. 1982. Graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto polyethylene film by preirradiation method. J Appl Polym Sci. 27 1033-1051. 

Two standard methods of RIG that have been developed as depicted in the schematic diagram shown in Figure 12.5 are simultaneous (direct) irradiation and preirradiation. In the simultaneous method, a polymer is irradiated while immersed in the monomer solution flushed with inert gas or evacuated through freeze-thaw cycles. An inhibitor is often added to the solution to suppress the homopolymerization in the liquid phase. Alternatively, in the preirradiation method, the polymer is irradiated first in an inert gas or vacuum and subsequently brought into contact with the... 

Kimura Y, Asano M, Chen J, Maekawa Y, Katakai R, Yoshida M. Influence of grafting solvents on the properties of polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by y-ray preirradiation method. Radiat Phys Chem 2008 77 864-870. 

Electron beam preirradiation method of grafting acrylic acid to polyethylene [134]. 

Lappan et al. [84] reported preparation of new FEP-g-PSSA membranes by radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto cross-linked FEP film using the preirradiation method and subsequent sulfonation. The FEP films were cross-linked by irradiation with EB at molten state (290°C). However, the properties of such membranes have not been reported. A summary of various studies on radiation-grafted PCMs manbranes based on FEP films and their basic properties is presented in Table 5.3. 

Scheme 5.10 High-energy-radiation-induced graft copolymerization according to the preirradiation method.

---