Graduated measuring cylinders

Measuring the amount of water vapor passed through the furnace is possible only by feeding the water condensate into a graduated measuring cylinder instead of draining it back into blask A . To compensate for the evaporated water, flask A has to be continuously replenished by a drop feeder. 

The tamped volume or apparent density is determined according to Part 11 of ISO 787. The material is passed through a sieve to disperse agglomerates and placed in tarred graduated measuring cylinder. The cylinder is then placed in a tamping volumeter and tamped for 250 revolutions. The volume read from the cylinder is divided by the mass of powder and given as a percent. 

The measuring cylinders that are used in pharmaceutical preparation processes have to comply to international standards for graduated measuring cylinders (ISO norm 4788) [23]. A measuring cylinder is calibrated either to contain or to deliver (marked TC (to contain) (or IN ) or... 

Chapter 3). A preferred technique is to place the required amount of diluted flocculant into an empty beaker, pour the measured amount of feed slurry rapidly into the flocculant, and then promptly pour back and forth repeatedly. If the concentration does not need further adjustment, immediately introduce the sample into the graduated measuring cylinder. During settling record the time vs. suspension volume and/or suspension-supernatant interface height as indicated in Step 2. 

Alternatively (Note g) nearly the whole contents of the BOD bottle can be titrated with standard 0.5 n thiosulphate. Pour off 20 0.5 ml into a 25-ml graduated measuring cylinder. Place a small magnetic stirring bar into the bottle and titrate with the stem of the Gilmont microburette well immersed in the bottle. Use 10 ml of starch solution to detect the end point... 

Prepare four standards, consisting of 5.0 ml of the dilute phosphate solution (equivalent to 3.0 nig-at P/liter) made to a volume of exactly 100 ml with distilled water in a 100-ml graduated measuring cylinder (use with care). Transfer the solutions to dry polyethylene bottles and fill two more bottles with distilled water to act as blanks. Carry out the phosphate determination exactly as described in Section F, paragraphs 2-4. 

Add 30 ml of sample to a 50-ml stoppered graduated measuring cylinder. For precise work (see Sect. H) fill another cylinder with 30 ml of the same sample and add 1.0 ml of manganese standard. 

Hydrochloric acid, concentrated. Also a solution prepared by measuring 50 mL (measuring cylinder) of the concentrated acid into a 1 L graduated flask and making up with de-ionised water. 

Explain how one can obtain 2 minims of a liquid concentrate using a 5-mL pipet with graduations from 1-5 mL in units of 0.5 mL, and a 100-mL measuring cylinder. Use water as a diluent. 

Volumetric analysis essentially comprises of the most precise and accurate measurement of interacting solutions or reagents. It makes use of a number of graduated apparatus, such as graduated (volumetric) flasks, burettes, pipettes and measuring cylinder of different capacities (volumes). 

The two particular volumetric apparatus meant to contain a definite volume of liquid are volumetric flasks (also known as measuring or graduated flasks) and measuring cylinders (also known as graduated cylinders) which will be discussed here briefly ... 

Transfer the mixture to a 250ml glass or rubber stoppered measuring cylinder, graduated in 2mi divisions over a length of about 10 inches to the 250ml mark. Rinse the beaker with several portions of water and transfer... 

The water in the slurry should be intimately mixed, and the solid particles in the slurry should not be segregated. For this reason, free water is measured immediately after the slurry is mixed in the blender and before it is placed in the slurry cup of the consistometer. It is poured in a graduated glass cylinder, and the cylinder is kept at an angle of 45° for 2 h. The free water standing above the slurry is then decanted and measured. 

Various forms of vessel are used for measuring a larger volumes of liquid (Figure 2-4) graduated beakers ( 10%) measuring cylinders for more accurate work ( 2 %) and volumetric flasks for the most accurate purposes ( 1 %). 

An important general rule in the quantitative handling of liquids is that the graduated vessel or pipette should be of a size appropriate to the volume being measured it is certainly not sensible to measure out a few ml of liquid in a 100 ml measuring cylinder, nor a few pi with an adjustable pipette that holds 100 pi. 

A volume of wet resin should be measured in a measuring cylinder of suitable size using sufficient water to provide at least 2-3 cm depth of supernatant water. If the side of the cylinder is tapped with a rubber bung the resin will be seen to settle down, and will have reached a minimum volume after 3-4 minutes. This volume, read from the graduations on the side of the cylinder, is usually termed the minimum vibrated or tapped down volume, and is used for the volumes of resin described in the experiments. 

Incubator, steam bath, vibrator, pressure-filtering device for membrane filters, membrane-filters pore size 0.2 pm (1 pm = 0.001 mm), photometer with nephelometer attachment, filter Hg 436 nm, cuvettes (path length 10 mm), electric pH gauge, culture tubes with caps, Erlenmeyer flasks (300 ml), graduated pipettes (1 ml), graduated pipettes (10 ml), measuring cylinders (100 ml), glass beads (diameter approx. 2 mm), inoculation loop, aqueous sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid. 

Aquariums, capacity 10 litres Graduated pipettes Bulb pipettes Measuring flasks Measuring cylinders Erlenmeyer flasks 230 ml Glass beakers 230 ml Aeration stones Thermometers Oxygen meter pH meter with electrodes De-ionized water. 

Using the equilibrated two-phase solvent system, the settling time is measured as follows A 2 ml volume of each phase (the total volume is 4 ml) is delivered into a 5 ml-capacity graduated glass cylinder, which is then sealed with a glass stopper. The... 

The imprecision of the read-out can be made as small as possible by choosing a graduated pipette, syringe or measuring cylinder with a nominal capacity as near to the volume to be measured as possible. For example a volume of 0.5 mL should be measured by a 0.5 mL automatic pipette or with a 1.0 mL traditional graduated pipette. A volume of 21 mL should preferably be measured with a 25 mL graduated pipette or a measuring cylinder of a nominal volume of 25 mL. 

The Hausner ratio and compressibility index are calculated from the measured bulk volume or poured volume (Vo) and tapped volume or settled volume (Vt) and are defined by Equations 8.4a and 8.4b, respectively. The bulk volume can be determined by filling a known amount of powder in a graduated cylinder, while the tapped volume is obtained by mechanically tapping a measuring cylinder containing a powder sample in a controlled way. A Hausner ratio close to 1 or a low-compressibility index indicates good flow properties, while a Hausner index >1.35 or a compressibility index >26% would indicate poor flow properties. For a more detailed classification. ... 

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