Goal Programming Formulation

Consider the general MCMP problem given by Equation 2.14. The assumption that there exists an optimal solution to the MCMP problem involving multiple criteria implies the existence of some preference ordering of the criteria by the DM. The goal programming (GP) formulation of the MCMP problem requires the DM to specify an acceptable level of achievement (bj) for each criterion/ and specify a weight W (ordinal or cardinal) to be associated with the deviation betweenand Thus, the GP model of an MCMP problem becomes 

Under prespecified (cardinal) weights, specific values in a relative scale are assigned to wt and wi representing the DM s trade-off among the goals. Once wi and wi are specified, the goal program represented by Equations 2.16 

Multiple Criteria Decision Making in Supply Chain Management 

Under the preemptive GP model, if the DM indicates that/j is much more important than/2, then the objective function will be 

Under the non-preemptive GP model, the DM specifies relative weights on the goal achievements, say Wj and Wj. Then the objective function 

---

In our model, it is assumed that the decision maker ranks the priorities (from high to low) as PI profit, P2 delivery time, P3 facility disruption risk, P4 transportation link disruption risk, and P5 unfulfilled demand. Hence, the objective function for the goal programming model is to minimize the deviations from the target values defined for each objective. For instance, minimize the negative deviation of the profit (dr)/ minimize the positive deviation of the delivery lead time (d ), minimize the positive deviation of the facility disruption risk (d ), minimize the positive deviation of the transportation disruption risk (d ), and minimize the positive deviation of the unfulfilled demand (d ). The preemptive goal programming formulation would be as follows. 

Besides goal programming, there are other approaches to solve the multicriteria optimization model for the supplier selection problem formulated in Section 6.4.2. They include weighted objective method, compromise programming, and interactive approaches. Interested readers can refer to Wadhwa and Ravindran (2007), Masudand Ravindran (2008, 2009) for more details. Masudand Ravindran (2008, 2009) also provide information on the computer software available for the MCDM methods. 

In order to obtain the compromise solution of formulated problem, the expected value of goal programming model is developed as shown in Eq. (22). From mathematical viewpoint, there is no difference between deterministic and uncertain programming except uncertain programing contains uncertain variables. 

The problem is formulated as a multie-objective optimisation model and is solved using Goal Programming technique. The optimal solution includes one oil boiler (B3), one... 

Because the multiple objectives stated by supply chain managers are formulated as goal constraints with allowable deviations in the tactical submodel, the objective function is formulated to minimize some function of the deviations. Here, two different goal programming techniques are considered preemptive and non-preemptive goal programming. With non-preemptive... 

FORMULATION OF EDM OPERATING CONDITIONS IN GOAL PROGRAMMING FORMAT... 

The best way to approach the retrofit synthesis of the heat-exchanger network is to model all five tasks simultaneously. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is usually formulated to accomplish this goal. 

Where regional development is to be undertaken it is reasonable to adopt a positive ecological approach. This can begin with the formulation of a conservation policy with specific goals. These may include the conservation of individual animal/plant species or habitat types which are threatened by development. A program of conservation projects (e.g. the setting up of national parks, country parks or natural reserves) will meet the goals. This positive approach to the ecosystem will not only benefit wildlife but will also create the opportunities for tourism and leisure, which are vital adjuncts to most development projects. 

The goal of most drug discovery programs is to develop a drug in a formulation that allows for once-per-day dosing. Daily dosing is sufficiently frequent so that patients do not forget to take their medication while not so frequent to be an inconvenience. 

---