Glycopeptide antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria

It is now well understood that all glycopeptide antibiotics exert antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria because they stereospecifically bind to the precursor peptidoglycan peptide terminus A-acyl-o-alanyl-D-alanine produced during bacterial... 

Other inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. Bacitracin and vancomycin interfere with the transport of pepti-doglycans through the cytoplasmic membrane and are active only against gram-positive bacteria. Bacitracin is a polypeptide mixture, markedly nephrotoxic and used only topically. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide and the drug of choice for the (oral) treatment of bowel inflammations occurring as a complication of antibiotic therapy (pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by Clostridium difficile), it is not absorbed. 

It is a glycopeptide antibiotic and primarily active against gram positive bacteria, strains of Staph, aureus which are resistant to methicillin are inhibited by vancomycin. It is also effective against Strep, viridans, enterococcus, Clostridium dijficile and diphtheroids. 

Vancomycin is an antibiotic produced by Streptococcus orientalis and Amycolatopsis orientalis. With the single exception of flavobacterium, it is active only against gram-positive bacteria, particularly staphylococci. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide of molecular weight 1500. It is water soluble and quite stable. 

Vancomycin (1, Figures 1.2 and 1.3) is a glycopeptide antibiotic with high activity against Gram-positive bacteria and is particularly renowned for its activity against the feared methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) species [lb]. Vancomycin is produced by Amycolatopsis orientalis, a bacterium originally found in a soil... 

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is very important in human medicine because of its activity against multidrug-resistant organisms such as MRSA and enterococci. Vancomycin is only active against Gram-positive bacteria. In recent years, nosocomial infections of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become a major problem in human hospitals. Recently, a MRSA... 

Dalbavancin, oritavancin and telavancin are a new class of semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotics and are now under clinical trial. These antibiotics have important side chains and exhibit potent activity against gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA and VRE (Fig. 14, Tables 3,4). 

Glycopeptide antibiotic. Prod, by Amycolatopsis sp. Y-86, 21022. Active against gram-positive bacteria. Pale yellow powder. [ot]jy —23.2 (c, 5 in H2O) (as TFA salt). Similar to Vancomycin, V-00062. 

Glycopeptide antibiotic complex. Isol. from Kibdelosporangium aridium. Active against gram-positive bacteria. Related to Vancomycin. 

Ruzin A et al (2004) Mechanism of action of the mannopeptimycins, a novel class of glycopeptide antibiotics active against vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Ch 48 728-738... 

Finally, it has to be noted that glycopeptides only represent one option to combat infections by gram-positive bacteria. Current research is focused on other cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g., (3-lactams, cephalosporins) or even on the development of antibacterial agents (e.g., tetracyclines, ketohdes, and quinolone antibiotics) against other targets.An important drug candidate in this context is hnezolid (Zyvox), which is an entirely synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic with in vitro and in vivo efficiency against MRS A and VRE. ... 

Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic from a fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces orientalis, later renamed No-cardia orientalis and finally reclassified as Amycolatopsis orientalis. It exhibits lethal properties against all tested strains of Staphylococcus and other Gram-positive bacteria. Despite recent incidences of bacterial resistance to vancomycin, it became almost legendary because of its performance against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Vancomycin and the closely related teicoplanin are typically administered parenteraUy to treat... 

Complex of glycopeptide antibiotics related to Bleomycins. Derived from Streptomyces verticillus. Active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria and tumours, inhibitor of nucleic acid synth. A complex mixt. of amines Phleomycins A, C, D, D2, E, F, G and H derived by directed biosynth. or semisynth. See also Bleomycins. X , 245 (e 23600) 296 (e 19600) (HjO) (Derep). 244 (e 24500) 298 (e 8300) 615 (e 100) (MeO (Berdy). 

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