Glycolate dehydrogenase

Axcell BC, PJ Geary (1973) The metabolism of benzene by bacteria. Purification and some properties of the ezyme cw-l,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidoreductase (ciT-benzene glycol dehydrogenase). Biochem J 136 927-934. 

Glycolate dehydrogenase of the previous paragraph must not be confused with glyoxylate reductases. These catalyze ... 

Hydroxyriboflavin. This compound [86120-61 -8] (26) was isolated as a green coen2yme of the NADH dehydrogenase from Peptostreptococms elsdenii and also from glycolate oxidase of porcine Hver. It is not fluorescent, and its stmcture was estabflshed by synthesis (106). The 5 -monophosphate serves as a cofactor for glycolate oxidase from pig Hver. 

In a related approach, Adam ef al. used glycolate oxidase with D-lactate dehydrogenase for the deracemization of a wide range of racemic a-hydroxy acids (20) (Figure 5.13) [23]. 

Sugimoto M, M Tanaba, M Hataya, S Enokibara, JA Duine, F Kawai (2001) The first step in polyethylene glycol degradation by sphingomonads proceeds via a flavoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase containing flavin adenine dinucleotide. J Bacterial 183 6694-6698. 

Propylene glycol is partially excreted by the kidney unchanged and partially metabolized by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase to lactic acid and pyruvate. 

Adam, W., Lazarus, M., Saha-Moller, C.R. and Schreier, P. (1998) Quantitative transformation of racemic 2-hydroxy acids into (R)-2-hydroxy acids by enantioselective oxidation with glycolate oxidase and subsequent reduction of 2-keto acids with D-lactate dehydrogenase. Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 9 (2), 351-355. 

Sutton [1.15] studied the question of how quickly solutions with certain CPAs (GL, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and others] have to be cooled in order to avoid crystallization. At 100 °C/min concentration of 42.1 % DMSO and 48.5 % for GL are necessary to achieve the glass phase. With a 32.5 % solution of (2R.3R)-(-)butan-2,3-dio, the same effect can be accomplished at = 50 °C/min. In Fig. 1.18 Sutton (Fig. 11 from [1.114]) showed, that polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 (PEG 400) reduced the critical cooling rate down to approx. 25 °C/min. The addition of PEG 8000 [1.115] improved the protection of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by maltodextrins, if maltodextrins with low dextrose equivalents are used. 

CYTOCHROME P-450 REDUCTASE DIHYDROOROTATE OXIDASE FMN ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE GLYCOLATE OXIDASE (S)-2-HYDROXY-ACID OXIDASE l-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (CYTOCHROME)... 

Mechanism of Action An alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor that inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and methanol to their toxic metabolites. Therapeutic Effect Inhibits conversion of ethylene glycol and methanol into toxic metabolites. 

Ethylene glycol, an industrial solvent and an antifreeze compound, is involved in accidental and intentional poisonings. This compound is initially oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase and then further biotransformed to oxalic acid and other products. Oxalate crystals are found in various tissues of the body and are excreted by the kidney. Deposition of oxalate crystals in the kidney causes renal toxicity. Ethylene glycol is also a CNS depressant. In cases of ethylene glycol poisoning, ethanol is administered to reduce the first step in the biotransformation of ethylene glycol and, thereby, prevent the formation of oxalate and other products. 

As with methanol poisoning, early fomepizole or ethanol infusion and hemodialysis are standard treatments for ethylene glycol poisoning. Fomepizole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, has FDA approval for treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning in adults based on its ability to decrease concentrations of toxic metabolites in blood and urine and to prevent... 

Fomepizole Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, prevents conversion of methanol and ethylene glycol to toxic metabolites Methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning Orphan drug. Toxicity Headache, nausea, dizziness, rare allergic reactions... 

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