Glycol esters ethylene derivs

Chung, Y. and H. Cho. 2004. Preparation of highly water soluble tacrolimus derivatives poly(ethylene glycol) esters as potential prodruofteh. Pharm. Re 7 878-883. 

Fermentation-derived organic acids and their esters are potentially important chemical feedstocks for polymers and specialty polymers, but most significantly as alternative solvents for industrial and consumer applications. For example, lactate esters are derived from renewable carbohydrate raw materials such as cornstarch. They exhibit much lower toxicity compared with halogenated hydrocarbons and ethylene glycol ethers and are environmentally benign. Some studies suggested that lactate ester solvents have the potential of replacing petroleum-based solvents... 

A soln. of 1-hexene in 4 1 acetic acid/anhydride containing NaCl (partially dissolved) and catalytic amounts of PdCl2 and CuCl2 heated at 80° for 24 h under ca. 2/1 v/v of CO and O2 acetic p-acetoxyheptanoic anhydride. Y 84%. Functionalized ethylene derivs., e.g. allyl and vinyl acetate, gave the corresponding glycol ester derivs., while 2-ethylenealcohols in ethanol afforded p,Y-dialkoxycarboxylic acid esters. F.e.s. H. Urata et al.. Tetrahedron Letters 29, 4435-6 (1988). 

Sulfuric acid peroxyacetic acid Glycol esters from ethylene derivs. 

Stereospecific reactions alcohols from ethylene derivatives 19, 188 amines, axial, from sulfonic acid esters 19, 418 ethylene derivatives from glycols 19, 962... 

Lead(lV)salt acetic anhydride Glycol esters from ethylene derivatives... 

The most important derivatives of the carboxyl group are formed by esterification with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols. Typical alcohols used iaclude methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and pentaerythritol. These rosia esters have a wide range of softening poiats and compatibiUties. 

CF,C02)2lPh, H2O, CH3CN, 85-99% yield. In the presence of ethylene glycol the dithiane can be converted to a dioxolane (91% yield) or in the presence of methanol to the dimethyl acetal. The reaction conditions are not compatible with primary amides. Thioesters are not affected. A phenylthio ester is stable to these conditions, but amides are not. The hypervalent iodine derivative l-(t-butylperoxy)-l,2-benziodoxol-3(l/f)-one similarly cleaves thioketals."... 

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