Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Fig. 3 Electrophoretic ionic mobilities fj, of propranolol as influenced by BS concentration buffer x mM BS, 20 mM phosphate, pH = 7.4, detection 220 nm m— electrophoretic ionic mobility /r, GC—glycocholic acid, GDC—glycodeoxycholic acid, GCDC—glycochenodeoxycholic acid.

Table 5.4.6 Serum BA composition in healthy subjects (1,2), in a patient (3) with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) before (A) and after (B) treatment with ampicillin and in a patient (4) with PBC before (A) and after (B) treatment with UDCA. Results are expressed in nmol/ml. RDS% of three measurements was in the range 3.1-7.5%. - Means -detectable value (adapted from [20]). GCA glycocholic acid, GDCA glycodeoxycholic acid, GCDCA glycochenodeoxycholic acid, GLCA glycolithocholic acid,...

ND, not determined GC, glycocholic acid TC, taurocholic acid GCDC, glycochenodeoxycholic acid ... 

ND. not determined CDC, chenodeoxycholic acid GCDC, glycochenodeoxycholic acid UDC, ursodeoxycholic acid GUDC, glycoursodeoxycholic acid. 

The bile of germfree rabbits has been shown to be composed of 94% glycocholic acid, 5 % glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and 1 % glycoallocholic acid (36). Since deoxycholic acid is the predominant bile acid in conventional rabbit bile, this study points up the profound influence of the intestinal microflora in this species. 

Prepare 100 ng/(J.l solutions of taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocheno-deoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glyco-deoxycholic acid, and glycolithocholic acid (Sigma) in methanol. 

The approximate Rf values and order of migration should be as follows glycoli-thocholic acid, 0.10 glycodeoxycholic acid, 0.17 glycochenodeoxycholic acid, 0.20 taurodeoxycholic acid, 0.23 taurochenodeoxycholic acid, 0.26 glycocholic acid, 0.31 and taurocholic acid, 0.38. 

Figure 4.14 Structures of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids which are the acids that form the bile salt The asterisk indicates the position at which an ester bond is formed with taurine or glycine so that bile salts are taurocholate, chenodeoxytaurocholate, gly-cocholate, and glycochenodeoxycholate are formed. The structure of taurine is H2NCH2CH2SO3 and glycine is H2NCH2COOH.

Abbreviations used for bile acids in Tables 3.1-3.6 DOC (deoxycholate), LC (lithocholate), CDOC (chenodeoxycholate), C (cholate), GDOC (glycodeoxycholate), TDOC (taurodeoxy-cholate), GCDOC (glycochenodeoxycholate), TCDOC (taurochenodeoxycholate), GC (gly-cocholate), TC (taurocholate). 

H. Higuchi, S. F. Bronk, Y. Takikawa, N. Werneburg, R. Takimoto, W. El-Deiry and G. J. Gores, The bile acid glycochenodeoxycholate induces trail-receptor 2/DR5 expression and apoptosis, J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276(42), 38610. 

A cytosolic sulfotransferase has been identified in rat liver and kidney which utilizes 3 -phosphoadenosine-5 -phosphosulfate (PAPS) and shows a greater rate of sulfation for glycolithocholate than lithocholate. In an assay with the enzyme preparation, PAPS, and conjugated bile acids, 3 unidentified products were formed from taurocholate suggesting multiple sulfation of more polar conjugated bile acids [64]. The enzyme from liver, proximal intestine or adrenals of hamster produced only glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate. Comparable results with the enzyme from kidney will be discussed in Section VI.3. Hepatic enzyme from the female hamster shows 4-fold greater activity than that of the male [65]. 

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