Glycerol glucosides

Kraut, L., Mues, R., and Sim-Sim, M., Acylated flavone and glycerol glucosides from two Frullania species. Phytochemistry, 34, 211, 1993. 

Kaneda, M., Mizutani, K., Tanaka, K. Lilioside C, a glycerol glucoside from Lilium lancifolium. Phytochemistry 21, 891-893 (1982)... 

The third group is that of compounds which may potentially be transported by the PTS and inhibit cAMP production. Cellulase synthesis is initiated after these compounds are consumed for cell growth. This group includes D-glucose, D-fructose, maltose, mannitol, glycerol, sorbitol, and -methyl glucoside. The presence of these compounds in Solka Floe fermentations, enhanced enzyme yields (132 to 254%) but the time required to complete cellulase synthesis took longer (106 to 148%) than the control. 

Many proteins are poorly soluble under conditions prevailing in nondenaturing electrophoresis or IEF. Solubility can occasionally be improved with the use of a nondenaturing, neutral detergent (e.g., 0.5% [w/v] Triton X-100, CHAPS, or octyl glucoside) or polyalcohol (e.g., 20% [w/v] glycerol or sorbitol) in both the sample and the gel. 

Irvine s first publication (1899) dealt with the rotatory powers of the optically active methoxy- and ethoxy-propionic acids prepared from lactic acid. In those early days the Purdie reaction afforded so rich a field for investigation that Irvine and his collaborators continued work on various types of hydroxy bodies in addition to the sugars. There appeared papers on the isopropylidene derivatives and methyl ethers of glycerol and mannitol, and on the chemistry of benzoin and benzoin-like materials. The constitution of the glucoside salicin was studied and its pentamethyl ether was synthesized. 

The most common nonionic surfactants are those based on ethylene oxide, referred to as ethoxylated surfactants. Several classes can be distinguished alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers (sometimes referred to as polymer surfactants). Another important class of nonionics are the multihydroxy products such as glycol esters, glycerol (and polyglycerol) esters, glucosides (and polyglucosides), and sucrose esters. Amine oxides and sulfinyl surfactants represent nonionic with a small head group. 

Methyl a-D-glucopyranoside is the only product of commercial promise to have thus far emerged from work with protic solvents it has utility in the preparation of polyurethane foams. Mehltretter and coworkers125,126 have described the application of mixtures of D-glucosides obtained by the acid-catalyzed reaction of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol ( propylene glycol ), or glycerol with starch,... 

The position of the preferentially substituted hydroxylic groups is not known. This is probably a matter of little importance, as is, perhaps, the presence of some non-l,6-glucosidic linkages. An unknown number of one-sided bound glycerol residues is also attached to the network. 

Figure 3.29. Segment density (in arbitrary units) profile against the normal for lipid monolayers on water, according to MD simulations. DPPC = dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-chollne, (membrane), GLCB = decyl-P-glucoside (monolayer at decane-water interface), DEC = decane/water, GLYC = dllauroyl-sn-glycerol (monolayers on water). (Redrawn from van Buuren et al., loc. cit.)...

The most important low molecular weight polyols used as starters for polyether polyols destined for rigid PU foams synthesis are glycerol, trimethylolpropane (TMP), triethanolamine, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, a-methyl glucoside, xylitol, sorbitol and sucrose [1-27]. The main properties of these starter polyols, which are of interest for polyurethane chemistry, are presented in Table 13.1. 

Thus, the polyol nature has a marked effect on the fire resistance, which is in fact the order of thermostability. The most thermostable polyols lead to polyurethanes with improved fire resistance. Thus, polyesters are superior to polyethers in so far as the fire resistance of the resulting polyurethanes is concerned. Cycloaliphatic polyols (for example polyols based on carbohydrates, such as sucrose or alkyl glucosides) produce polyurethanes with superior fire resistance as compared to the simple aliphatic polyols (for example polyether based on glycerol or on pentaerythritol). 

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