Glycerin-water solution

Fig. 1.15. Rate of ice, water and dissolved substance in the state of equilibrium of a glycerine-water solution as a function of the initial glycerine concentation, plotted at different freezing temperatures between -5 and -50 °C.A 40% glycerine solution frozen at -30 °C contains in the state of equilibrium -32% ice, 30% water and 38% glycerine. The line marked UFW represents the temperature at...

Property Tables of Various Liquids, Gases, and Fuels Table 3.5 Volatility propertied of glycerine water solutions... 

Komarov et al. [61] have also studied the effect of acoustic pressure on the residence time of gas in foam generated by nitrogen sparging a bubble column containing highly viscous glycerin-water solutions (of viscosity >100 mPa s). The residence time of gas in the foam in a bubble column is of course the foaminess, Ebik of Bikerman [62]. It is measmed in the case where continuous injection of gas results in the formation of a foam of a steady height at which the rate of bubble rupture... 

Secondary flows in the Couette geometry have been well studied following Taylor s classic work (1923). Vfith the inno- cylinder rotating at some speed, inertial forces cause a small axisymmet-ric cellular secondary motion known as Taylor vortices or Taylor cells. These dissipate energy and cause an increase in the measured torque. Some data from Denn and Roisum (1969) for a glycerin-water solution are shown in Figure 5.3.8. For Newtcmian fluids and narrow gaps, the criterion for stability is... 

Predictions showing one-quarter of the flow into a nozzle (a) Giesekus criteria, namely +1 in pure extension, 0 in simple shear, and minus 1 in pure rotation, and (b) streamlines. Glycerin-water solution rj, = 0,17 Pa-s, (2 = 0.1 ml/s, d = 1 mm, 2R = 0.98 mm. Adapted from Schunk et al. (1990). 

Additional evidence of the small importance of dissolved impurities lies in the observations for water solutions. For glycerine in water, a smooth shift occurs in the values for ATe and h— as the concentration is increased from zero (M10). Similar results occur with sugar in water. Boiling curves for several concentrated solutions of salts in water have been reported (C6). Although these show that an appreciable shift results in the relationship between h and AT (compared with that for pure water) the effect does not seem to be unexpected or unusual. 

There are different standards of practice for collections of each type of animal. Insects are mostly preserved dry, pinned in specialized trays or boxes. Certain types of insects, like spiders or sometimes the larger beetles, may be fluid preserved in a standard 70% ethanol and water solution. Older collections sometimes include wet-preserved specimens in glycerin, oil, or formalin. 

Assay Preparation Transfer about 4 g of sample, accurately weighed, into a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask, and add 80 mL of 0.5 N potassium hydroxide and 0.5 mL of phenolphtha-lein TS. Connect an air condenser at least 65 cm long to the flask, and heat the mixture on a hot plate for about 2.5 h. Remove the air condenser and add approximately 10% phosphoric acid to the hot mixture until it is definitely acid to Congo red test paper. Reconnect the air condenser, and heat until the fatty acids are liquified and clear. Cool, and transfer the mixture into a 250-mL separator with the aid of small portions of water and hexane. Extract the liberated fatty acids with three successive 25-mL portions of hexane, and collect the extracts in a second separator. Wash the combined hexane extracts with two 25-mL portions of water, and add the washings to the separator containing the water layer. Retain the combined hexane extracts for the determination of total fatty acids. Transfer the contents of the first separator to a 250-mL beaker, heat on a steam bath to remove traces of hexane, filter through acid-washed, fine-texture filter paper into a 500-mL volumetric flask, and finally dilute to volume with water (Solution I). Pipet 25.0 mL of this solution into a 100-mL volumetric flask, and dilute to volume with water (Solution II). Retain the rest of Solution I for the determination of Glycerin (below). 

Maltitol Syrup occurs as a clear, colorless, syrupy liquid. It is a water solution of a hydrogenated, partially hydrolyzed starch containing maltitol, sorbitol, and hydrogenated oligo-and polysaccharides. It is miscible with water and with glycerin, and slightly miscible with alcohol. 

DL-Panthenol occurs as a white to creamy white, crystalline powder. It is a racemic mixture of the dextrorotatory (active) and levorotatory (inactive) isomers of panthenol, the alcohol analogue of pantothenic acid. It is freely soluble in water, in alcohol, and in propylene glycol. It is soluble in chloroform and in ether, and is slightly soluble in glycerin. Its solutions are neutral or alkaline to litmus. 

Fig. 39. Apparent viscosity of dispersions of silica (2a = 2 nm) in 0.5 wt% solutions of polyacrylamide (Mw = 5.5 x 103 kg/mol) in 50/50 glycerin-water mixtures (Otsubo and Watanabe, 1987). Different symbols correspond to different weight percentages of silica.

Composition A mixture of caustic soda, phenol, glycerine, and urotropine (hexamet.hylene tetramine) in water solution. 

Add a layer of liquid soap to the solution and watch it settle between the glycerin-water layer and the canola-oil layer. Now, when the combined layers are mixed (gently so as not to cause bubbles), the soap will cause the canola oil to blend with the glycerin. The result is a uniform... 

Procedure. The carbomer is dispersed in the glycerine and water, and a solution of the 2-ethylhexylamine in ethanol is added to the water solution with mixing until a clear transparent gel is formed. 

Niacinamide, U5P. Niacinamide, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid amide, is prepared by the amidation of esters of nicotinic acid or by pa.ssing ammonia gas into nicotinic acid at 320°C. Nicotinamide is a white cry.stalline powder that is odorless, or nearly so, and bitter. One gram is soluble in about I mL of water, I.S mL of alcohol, and about 10 mL of glycerin. Aqueous solutions aie neutral to litmus. For occurrence, action, and uses, see nicotinic acid. Niacinamide has pK values of O.. and 3.35. 

The relationship, which is valid for turbine stirrers with d/D < 0.45, Newtonian liquids in the range of Re = 10 to 10 and Fr > 0.6 Ne x/(Q, Re = according to expression (2.25), is shown in Fig. 2.11 as a dashed curve. The plotted experimental data were those from Hocker and Langer [216, 217], obtained with water, glycerine, CMC solutions and PAA solutions as converted by Henzler [192] and were well represented by equation (2.25) in a relatively narrow range of A, otherwise they were by 15% higher. 

Preparation of the Lactophenol Blue reagent Solution A consists of 20 ml of lactic acid, 20 g of phenol, 40 ml of glycerine and 20 ml of distilled water. Solution B consists of 2 g of dye in 100 ml of distilled water. The reagent is prepared by mixing 50 ml of solution A and 10 ml of solution B. 

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