Glutathione curcumin

Oetari, S. et al., Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-trans-ferase activities in rat liver, Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 39, 1996. 

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) has very low oral bioavailability, but is rapidly absorbed and low nanomolar levels of the parent compound and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates can be detected in human plasma and portal circulation after very high (nondietary) intakes (3.6g/day for 1 week). Metabolic reduction occurs in the liver, and glutathione adducts have been observed in vitro ... 

In another clinical trial, researchers evaluated the effect of oral curcumin with piperine on the pain, and the markers of oxidative stress in patients with tropical pancreatitis (TP). Twenty patients with tropical pancreatitis were randomized to receive 500 mg of curcumin with 5 mg of piperine, or placebo, for 6 weeks, and the effects on the pattern of pain, and on red blood cell levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were assessed. There was a significant reduction in the erythrocyte MDA levels following curcumin therapy compared with placebo with a significant increase in GSH levels. There was no corresponding improvement in pain. 

Duvoix A, Morceau F, Delhalle S, Schmitz M, Schnekenburger M, Galteau MM, Dicato M, Diederich M. 2003. Induction of apoptosis by curcumin Mediation by glutathione S-transferase PI—1 inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 66 1475-1483. 

Iersel ML, Ploemen JP, Struik I, van Amersfoort C, Keyzer AE, Schefferlie JG, van Bladeren PJ. 1996. Inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity in human melanoma cells by alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives. Effects of acrolein, cinnamaldehyde, citral, crotonaldehyde, curcumin, ethacrynic acid, and trans-2-hexenal. Chem Biol Interact 102 117-132. 

Piwocka K, Jaruga E, Skierski J, Gradzka I, Sikora E. 2001. Effect of glutathione depletion on caspase-3 independent apoptosis pathway induced by curcumin in Jurkat cells. Free Radio Biol Med 31 670-678. 

Singhal SS, Awasthi S, Pandya U, Piper JT, Saini MK, Cheng JZ, Awasthi YC. 1999. The effect of curcumin on glutathione-linked enzymes in K562 human leukemia cells. Toxicol Leu 109 87-95. 

Nishinaka T, Ichijo Y, Ito M, Kimura M, Katsuyama M, Iwata K, Miura T, Terada T, Yabe-Nishimura C. 2007. Curcumin activates human glutathione S-transferase PI expression through antioxidant response element. Toxicol Lett 170 238-247. 

Susan M, Rao MN. 1992. Induction of glutathione S-transferase activity by curcumin in mice. Arzneimittelforschung 42 962-964. 

Usta M, Wortelboer HM, Yervoort J, Boersma MG, Rietjens IM, van Bladeren PJ, Cnubben NH. 2007. Human glutathione S-transferase-mediated glutathione conjugation of curcumin and efflux of these conjugates in Caco-2 cells. Chem Res Toxicol 20 1895-1902. 

In light of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloid effects, curcumin has become a candidate compound for the prevention or treatment of AD [Calabrese et al., 2007]. Treatment of astrocytes with curcumin induced the cytoprotective proteins HO-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQOl), and glutathione transferase (GST) and provided protection against... 

Cardiotoxicity is one of the major problems associated with administration of many chemotherapentic agents. Venkatesan " examined the protective effect of curcumin on acute adriamycin (ADR) myocardial toxicity in rats. ADR toxicity, induced by a single intraperitoneal injection (30mg/kg), was revealed by elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) and LDH. The level of the hpid peroxidation prodncts, conjugated dienes, and malondialdehyde were markedly elevated by ADR. ADR also caused a decrease in myocardial glutathione content and glntathione peroxidase achvity and an increase in... 

In rat hepatocytes, the compound curcumin was cyto-protective at concentrations of 0.05 mM, whereas at 5 mM the observed protective effect on lipid peroxidation was accompanied with a tendency to increase cellular glutathione depletion and lactate dehydrogenase leakage (Donatus et al. 1990). 

Donatus, I.A., Sardjoko, and N.P.E. Vermeulen. 1990. Cytotoxic and cytoprotective activities of curcumin—Effects on paracetamol-induced cytotoxicity, Upid-peroxidation and glutathione depletion in rat hepatocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 39(12) 1869-1875. 

Sharma, R.A., Ireson, C.R., Verschoyle, R.D., Hill, K.A., Williams, M.L., Leuratti, C., Manson, M.M., et al. 2001a. Effects of dietary curcumin on glutathione S-transferase and malondial-dehyde-DNA adducts in rat liver and colon mucosa relationship with drug levels. Clinical cancer research an ojficial journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 7(5), 1452-8. 

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