Cytoprotective proteins

Identification of the Major Cytoprotective Protein bcl-2 as a Target for Mood Stabilizers I 403... 

Manji HK, Chen G. Lithium upregu-lates the cytoprotective protein bcl-2 in vitro and in the CNS in vivo, a role for neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in manic-depressive illness. J Clin Psychiatry 2000 61 82-96. 

Dinkova-Kostova AT, Talalay P. 2008. Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of inducers of cytoprotective proteins. Mol Nutr Food Res 52 S128 SI38... 

In light of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloid effects, curcumin has become a candidate compound for the prevention or treatment of AD [Calabrese et al., 2007]. Treatment of astrocytes with curcumin induced the cytoprotective proteins HO-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQOl), and glutathione transferase (GST) and provided protection against... 

Since bipolar disorder is a condition for which longterm treatment is usually necessary, both acute and long-term adverse effects are important, especially since patients in remission are often less likely to tolerate them (5). With this in mind, one might consider some speculatively positive findings involving the neurotropic and neu-roprotective effects of lithium (6). The concentration of bcl-2, a cytoprotective protein, was upregulated by lithium in both rodent brains and human neuronal cells, as was the concentration of A/-acetylaspartate, a marker of neuronal viability and function, in human gray matter... 

PIANO A, VALBONESi p, FABBRi E (2004), Expression of cytoprotective proteins, heat shock protein 70 and metaUothioneins, in tissnes of Ostrea edulis exposed to heat and heavy metals. Cell Stress Chaperones, 9,134-142. 

Extracellular adenosine acts through a class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), defined across mammalian species as Ab A2a, A2B, and A3ARs (adenosine receptors). Adenosine has a cytoprotective role in the body, both in the periphery and in the central nervous system. Following binding of adenosine, or another naturally occurring agonist, the receptor... 

Chen G, Manji HK. Mood stabilizers regulate cytoprotective and mRNA binding proteins in the brain Long term effects on cell survival and transcript stability. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2001 4 47-64. 

Burcham, P. C. and Pyke, S. M. (2006). Hydralazine inhibits rapid acrolein-induced protein oligomerization Role of aldehyde scavengers and adduct trapping in cross-link blocking and cytoprotection. Mol. Pharm. 69,1056-1065. 

Further structure-activity relationship (S AR) analyses of other cytoprotective enzyme inducers revealed the fact that all inducers can react with thiol/disulfide groups by alkylation, oxidoreduction, or thiol-disulfide interchange [Dinkova-Kostova and Talalay, 1999]. In fact, the capability of enzyme inducers to induce cytoprotective enzymes is well correlated with their reactivity with thiols. These results suggested a cellular sensor of inducers with highly reactive sulfhydryl groups, possibly reactive thiols in cysteine residues of a sensor protein. Nevertheless, the initial search for the sensor protein by using radioactively labeled inducers was not successful due to the abundance of thiol groups presented in many proteins in cells [Holtzclaw et al., 2004]. The molecular mechanism by which cytoprotective enzymes are induced remained to be elucidated. 

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