Glutamic acid, and

The data led to tire cycle shown in figure C2.7.8. Here, only tire active site on tire interior enzyme surface (section C2.6) is depicted, consisting of R groups including aspartic acid, glutamic acid and otliers, represented witli tire shortliand Asp, Glu etc tire subscripts represent tlie positions on tlie polypeptide chain. 

The 7 glutamyl phosphate formed m this step is a mixed anhydride of glutamic acid and phosphoric acid It is activated toward nucleophilic acyl substitution and gives glutamine when attacked by ammonia... 

Manometric determiaation of L-lysiae, L-argioine, L-leuciae, L-ornithine, L-tyrosiae, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, and L-aspartic acid has been reviewed (136). This method depends on the measurement of the carbon dioxide released by the T.-amino acid decarboxylase which is specific to each amino acid. 

JECEA reviewed the safety studies of glutamate and endorsed its safety by allocating an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for L-glutamic acid and its monosodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, and magnesium salts as being "not specified." The scientific committee for food of EC concurred (40). 

Both threo- (14) and eo f >"4-fluoro-DL-glutamic acid (/5) are noncompetitive inhibitors of glutamine synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from L-glutamic acid and ammonia. This mhibibon may explain the... 

Certain amino acids and their derivatives, although not found in proteins, nonetheless are biochemically important. A few of the more notable examples are shown in Figure 4.5. y-Aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is produced by the decarboxylation of glutamic acid and is a potent neurotransmitter. Histamine, which is synthesized by decarboxylation of histidine, and serotonin, which is derived from tryptophan, similarly function as neurotransmitters and regulators. /3-Alanine is found in nature in the peptides carnosine and anserine and is a component of pantothenic acid (a vitamin), which is a part of coenzyme A. Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), derived from tyrosine, is an important hormone. Penicillamine is a constituent of the penicillin antibiotics. Ornithine, betaine, homocysteine, and homoserine are important metabolic intermediates. Citrulline is the immediate precursor of arginine. 

Oxazolidines are prepared to allow selective protection of the a- or co-COjU groups in aspartic and glutamic acids and a-hydroxy acids. 

This was postulated to account for the results from flash photolysis of the Cu -glutamic acid and Cu -serine systems. 

Mention should also be made of glutamic acid and invert sugar which are used in foodstuffs and demand the use of hydrochloric acid-resistant material in manufacture, and of the essential flavouring oils which should preferably be stored and prepared in stainless steel and aluminium equipment. 

PRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS (LYSINE AND GLUTAMIC ACID) AND INSULIN... 

Many microorganisms can synthesise amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds. The rate and amount of some amino acids may exceed the cells need for protein synthesis, where the excess amino acids are excreted into the media. Some microorganisms are capable of producing certain amino acids such as lysine, glutamic acid and tryptophan. 

Organic matter of approximate composition C13H17O12N consists of a mixture of acetate, citrate, tartrate, glycine, glutamic acid, and phthalate, each present at 7 x I0 m (II mmol donor groups per liter). 

A. Brush Layers of Poly(glutamic acid) and Poly(lysine)... 

C13-0082. Draw the line structures of all possible dipeptides that can form in condensation reactions between alanine, glutamic acid, and methionine. 

Fig. 8.1 Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. The large circles represent A -acetylglucosamine orN-acetylmuramic acid to the latter is linked initially a pentapeptide chain comprising L-alanine, D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopiraelic acid (small circles) terminating in two D-alanine residues (small, darker circles). The lipid molecule is undecaprenyl phosphate. In the initial (cytoplasm) stage where inhibition by the antibiotic D-cycloserine is shown, two molecules of Dalanine (small circles) are converted by an isomerase to the D-forms (small, darker circles), alter which a ligase joins the two D-alanines together to produce a D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptide.

POLY(AMINO acids). Both anionic [e.g., poly(L-aspartic acid) and poly(glutamic acid)] and cationic [e.g., poly[L-lysine)] poly(amino acids) have been suggested as potential drug carriers. Poly(L-lysine) is a homopolymer cosisting of repeating units of L-lysine. It exhibits some affinity for cancer cells and possesses antimicrobial and antiviral properties. It also shows... 

The dinuclear active site of urease (1) has been studied in great detail23-29 and has inspired manifold model studies—hence a separate section, Section 6.3.4.12.7, is dedicated to the coordination chemistry related to urease. E. coli Glx I is the first example of a Ni-dependent isomerase and contains a single Ni11 ion coordinated by two histidines, two axial carboxylates of glutamic acid, and two water molecules (2).30-32 It is not active with Zn bound, which is believed to result from the inability of the Zn-substituted enzyme to bind a second aqua ligand and to adopt a six-coordinate structure. 

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