3-Glucuronidase activation

Kikuchi, H., Y. Suzuki, and Y. Hashimoto. 1981. Increase of (3-glucuronidase activity in the serum of rats administered organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Jour. Toxicol. Sci. 6 27-35. 

Serum (3-glucuronidase activity was increased in a dose-related manner when disulfoton was given intraperitoneally to rats (Kikuchi et al. 1981). In the same study, this effect was not observed in mice, rabbits, or guinea pigs. This enzyme appears to be a useful biomarker of hepatic function in rats exposed to disulfoton, but may not be a useful biomarker in humans. 

The (3-glucuronidase activity of human blood has been studied by Fishman and co-workers.26 The range in 230 normals was found to be from 41 to 1285 units per 100 ml. of serum. In the diseased subjects studied, the minimum values tended to be higher and the maximum values were up to 2340 units. 

Decreased lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and /3-glucuronidase activity in alveolar macrophages (appears to be linearly related to dose up to 1 ppm)... 

Table I gives approximate figures for the /3-glucuronidase activity of nearly all known sources of the enzyme. It can be seen that the enzyme is universally distributed in mammalian tissues and body fluids. This generalization probably extends to other vertebrates, and to insects and molluscs. The occurrence of the enzyme in micro-organisms is random, and bears no relation to their pathogenicity for man. The microbial enzyme may be adaptive or constitutive, and extracellular or intracellular the enzyme in Escherichia coli is adaptive and extracellular, whilst that in...

Ox-liver /3-glucuronidase was found to be stable to 30 minutes of heating at 50°, but there was considerable inactivation42 at 55°. Heating a limpet preparation (of pH 5) for 5 minutes caused a 15% inactivation86 of /3-glu-curonidase at 60° and 35% at 70°. Within the range of temperature-stability of the enzyme, mammalian /3-glucuronidase activity was approximately doubled for every 10° rise in temperature.81 -147 1 66 This would also appear to be true of mollusc preparations.107171 ... 

The ability of MFGM to inhibit intestinal (3-glucuronidase activity was measured by Ito et al. (1993). This enzyme is a product of colonic... 

TABLE 2. Changes in 3-Glucuronidase Activity after Administration of Insecticides in Rats- ... 

Attempts to demonstrate a premature release of lysosomal enzymes that could account for degradation of viral single-stranded MA were negative. Lysosomal enzyme release, as measured by release of 3- glucuronidase activity, accompanied the onset of cytopathic effects of 7 Q hours after infection. The restriction process was not affected by treating cells with hydrocortisone, which has been reported to stabilize lysosomes. 

Glucuronidase activity by histochemical method was distributed in the acinar-rieopiastic epithelium in pleomorphic salivary adenoma (Murata and Miyaji, 1966),... 

Hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes have been detected by Tarkkaneii and Niemi (1967) in the angle of the anterior chamber of human eyes, and ATPase and /3-glucuronidase activity have been found in the endothelium of Schlcmm s canal. 

The livers of the castrated hamsters exhibit one region of marked activity and another area of almost no activity. Estrogen and castration do not change /S-glucuronidase activity in the kidney or liver, but combined treatment increases /3-glucuronidase activity (Manning et of., 1964). 

Following treatment of intact rats with cortisone for 1-2 weeks, the /3-glucuronidase activity w as enhanced distinctly, not only in adrenals and testes but also in the liver, kidney, thymus, seminal vesicle, and serum (Murakami, 1961a). Adrenalectomy produced little effect on rat tissues. 

Decrease of rat liver glycogen by 45 and 68% has been shown 30 ami 120 minutes after glucagon injection. Botti the kidney and spleen glycogen ami j3-glucuronidaae, and the liver 3-glucuronidase activity are not modified by glucagon (Dohrmaim ei al., 1964, 1966). 

Kiermeiner and Guell (1968a,b,c) reported that /3-glucuronidase activity in human milk was 20-30-fold higher than that in cow s milk. The jS-glucu-ronidase concentration of milk depends on the lactation stage of the female and it is especially high in cholesterol milk. 

In sliam-operatcd and adrenalectomized rats, /3-glucuronidase activity in connective tissue is unchanged. The added stress of either a sham operation or injection of sesame oil intraperitoneally resulted in a decrease in /3-glucuronidase activity (Foster, 1965). 

A number of works have been done on changes of /3-glucuronidase activity in tissues and organs under physiological, pathological, and experimental conditions. Discussion in this section, however, will be mainly confined to tlie changes of enzyme activity in intracellular distribution. The effect of the hormone on the [Pg.536]

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