Glucosinolates detoxification

STAACK R, KINGSTON s, WALLiG M A and JEFFERY E H (1998) A Comparison of the individual and collective effects of four glucosinolate breakdown products from Brussels sprouts on induction of detoxification enzymes , Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 149 17-23. 

NHO c w and JEFFERY E (2001) The synergistic upregulation of phase II detoxification enzymes by glucosinolate breakdown products in cruciferous vegetables , Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 174 146-52. 

ATTIEH, J., KLEPPINGER-SPARACE, K. F NUNES, C., SPARACE, S. A., SAINI, H. S., Evidence implicating a novel thiol methyltransferase in the detoxification of glucosinolate hydrolysis products in Brassica oleracea L., Plant Cell Environ., 2000,23,165-174. 

Nonetheless, glucosinolates and their derivatives are biologically active and have pronounced effects when consumed in excess or when encountered by certain other organisms. Numerous instances of animal poisonings occur because of these plants. Detoxification of the pressed or extracted seed meals of rape and crambe are important processes because of the large quantities that are used as feed supplements for livestock and poultry (Van Etten and Tookey, 1978). 

The presmt paper reports on the glucosinolate content of several Brassica oilseeds and examines the effects of various detoxification methods, including alkanol/ammonia/water-hexane as an extraction medium for canola. The fate of glucosinolates in this process and possible methods for their elimination from the reaction medium is also presoited. 

Perchlorates (see Section 6.3.2.2) and some degradation products of glucosinolates, such as goitrin, isothiocyanates, nitriles and thiocyanate (rhodanide) ions (SCN ), have goitrogenic (antithyroid) activities. Thiocyanate ions also arise in the body as detoxification products of cyanides. The other compounds that show antithyroid activity are some congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), some pesticides and a number of veterinary drugs containing thiourea residues (such as thiouracils, aminothiazoles and mercaptoimidazoles) that inhibit the enzyme thyroid peroxidase. These substances may be present in foods as contaminants (see Section 12.8.3.1). 

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