Glucosinolate mustard

Newkirk et al. (1997) conducted a nutritional evaluation of low-glucosinolate mustard meals. Samples of brassica seed (four B. juncea, one B. napus and one B. rapa) were processed to produce oil-extracted meals, which were then fed to broiler chickens. Meals derived from B. juncea contained more CP and less TDF on a dry basis than B. napus or B. campestris, 459 versus 446 and 431 g/kg CP and 272.2 versus 294.7 and 296.7g/kg TDF, respectively. ADF and NDF levels for B. juncea and B. campestris meals were similar to each other, but lower than those of B. napus, 127.9 and 132.0 versus 206g/kg ADF, and 211.5 and 195.8 versus 294.7g/kg NDF, respectively. B. juncea meals contained more glucosinolates than B. napus and B. campestris, 34.3 versus 21.8 and 25.5pmol/g total glucosinolates, respectively. B. juncea meals were equal or superior to B. napus and B. campestris meals for AME and apparent ileal protein digestibility. 

Newkirk et al. (1997) found that broilers fed on B. juncea meals grew as quickly and converted feed to gain as efficiently to 21 days of age as those fed on B. napus and B. campestris meals. Feeding meal from B. campestris reduced growth rate and gain/feed ratio. They concluded that the nutritional value of meals from low-glucosinolate mustard is equal or superior to that of rapeseed meal samples derived from B. napus and B. campestris cultivars. 

Bialy, Z., Oleszek, W., Lewis, J. and Fenwick, G.R. (1990) Allelopathic potential of glucosinolates (mustard oil glycosides) and their degradation products against wheat. Plant Soil, 129,277-82. 

Carbohydrate derivatives with anomeric sulfur are not very common in nature, the only examples found are the various glucosinolates ( mustard oil glycosides ) mainly from the Bras-sicaceae family [1,2,3], the simple alkyl thioglycosides of lincomycin and structurally relat-... 

Glucosinolate, mustard oil thioglucoside, mustard oil glucoside a natural plant product with the structure shown in Fig. 1. G. are particularly abundant... 

Louda, S. M. and Rodman, J. E. 1983a. Ecological patterns in the glucosinolate content of a native mustard, Cardamine cordifolia, in the Rocky Mountains. J. Chem. Ecol. 9 397-422. 

Fig. 4.1 Sinigrin is an aliphatic glucosinolate that occurs at significant levels in the human diet, notably in mustard and Brussels sprouts. When brought into contact with myrosinase, derived either from plant cells or from colonic bacteria, it is broken down to yield a variety of products including the acrid, volatile, biologically active compoimd...

Carlson DG, Daxenbichler ME, Van Etten CH, et al. 1987. Glucosinolates in Cruciferous vegetables broccoli, sprouts, cauliflower, collards, kale, mustard greens, and kohlrabi. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 112(1) 173-178. 

The water-soluble extracts of wild mustard and broccoli plants were species specific, as shown by the results obtained by other authors (22, 31, 32). The greater insensitivity of crucifers is apparently related to the presence of specific myrosinases which are capable of transforming the breakdown products of the glucosinolates (33). 

Mustard oils which are found in some essential oils and are probably the hydrolysis or breakdown products of glucosinolates, are involved in host plant location of a number of groups of insects (9) . . Pieris braccicae and rapae on plants in the Brass caceae (CruciferaeXT... 

Isothiocyanates ( mustard oils ) and their glucosinolate precursors are widely distributed in higher plants, especially among cruciferous vegetables, and it has been established recently that sulforaphane, found in various species and particularly in broccoli, is the major source of their anticarcinogenic action [181]. 

Mustard meal contains more glucosinolates than rapeseed, though of different kinds (Ravindran and Blair, 1992), the high content of glucosinolates... 

Rao et al. (2005) compared low-glucosinolate and conventional mustard oilseed cakes in commercial broiler chicken diets and concluded that soybean... 

Figure 4.1 The mustard oil bomb in flower stalks of Arabidopsis thaliana consists of S-cells (with glucosinolates) and adjacent myrosin cells (with myrosinase). This is illustrated by transverse (A,C) and longitudinal (B) sections of a pedicel, analyzed by light microscopy (A,B) and transmission electron microscopy (C). The myrosin cells (m) are in contact with the S-cells (S-c), situated inside the starch sheath ( ) (A,B,C). The myrosin cells are located peripherally in the phloem tissue other cells of the phloem include sieve elements (s) and companion cells (cc, in (C) only).

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