Glucose pyrolysis

Seshadri V, Westmoreland PR. Concerted reactions and mechanism of glucose pyrolysis and implications for cellulose kinetics. J Phys Chem A. 2012 116 11997— 12013. 

Mayes HB, Nolte MW, Beckham GT, Shanks BH, Broadbelt LJ. The alpha-bet(a) of glucose pyrolysis computational and experimental investigations of 5-hydroxyme-thylfurfural and levoglucosan formation reveal impHcations for cellulose pyrolysis. 21CS Sustain Chem Eng. 2014 2 1461-1473. 

E.B. Sanders, A.I. Goldsmith and J.I. Seeman, A model that distinguishes the pyrolysis of D glucose, D fructose, and sucrose from that of cellulose. Application to the understanding of cigarette smoke formation, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 66, 29 50 (2003). 

D. Fabbri, G. Chiavari, S. Prati, I. Vassura and M. Vangelista, Gas chromatography/mass spectrometric characterisation of pyrolysis/silylation products of glucose and cellulose, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 16, 2349 2355 (2002). 

Implementation The GC-MS of the sample headspace finds no perfume compounds. The cream is found to be greater than 80-wt% organic matter. Pyrolysis-GC-MS identified significant levels of glucose polymers, which were confirmed by FTIR to be either cellulose or starch. The iodine test revealed that the glucose polymer was starch. Further GC-MS analysis did not find cholesterol, but did find trace levels of a cholesterol degradation product. 

Thus, by the Maillard reaction in different browning systems of sugars and amino compounds, some mutagenic substances were formed, although their activities are quite weak compared with those formed by pyrolysis of amino acids. They were confirmed as intermediates and some of them were identified as furan, pyrrole, or thiazolidine derivatives formed from glucose and amino acids... 

Coleman, W. M., and Chung, H. L. (2002). Pyrolysis GC-MS analysis of Amadori compounds derived from selected amino acids and glucose. /. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 62, 215-223. 

Beside the natural fermentation process, dextran can be synthesised chemically via a cationic ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-/3-D-glucose), a pyrolysis product of polyglucans (Fig. 8, [83]). 

Heyns et al. (9) have conducted one of the most extensive studies utilizing glucose that was pyrolyzed at 300°C for four hours or at 500°C for three hours under nitrogen. Approximately 130 compounds were observed. They found that the higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Other compound classes identified included aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, furans and oxygenated furans, alcohols, lactones, volatile and nonvolatile acids, and oligosaccharides. 

More than 20 pyridines from 13 systems have been tabulated by Vemin and Parkanyi.216 They arise mainly during the thermal degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids alone or in the presence of glucose. They are also formed in glu-cose-proline systems, on degradation of Amadori intermediates of the glucose-glycine system, and on pyrolysis of a- and /1-alanine. 

The volatiles produced by sugar degradation can make an important contribution to flavour. Pyrolysis of glucose at 300 °C allowed 56 compounds to be identified, the main product being l,4 3,6-dianhydroglucopyranose.567 More than 100 volatiles were separated when glucose was heated at 250 °C for 30 min in air or in nitrogen 4-hydroxy-2-pentenoic acid lactone, 1-(2-furyl)propane-l,2-dione, and 3-methyl-cyclopentane-1,2-dione were identified as new products.568... 

Before pyrolysis silicas were dried at 200°C and cooled to room temperature. Different amounts of organic precursors were deposited on dry silica (weight 5 g) to obtain carbon-silica adsorbents (carbosils) with different amounts of carbon deposits. Samples based on acenaphthene (Tables 1 and 2), acetylacetone and glucose (Table 3), were pyrolysed under static conditions in a stainless steel autoclave (0.3 dm3) at 773 K for 6 h. After reaction, all the prepared carbosils were washed in a Soxhlet apparatus with N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone, and then dried at 200°C. 

Table 2. Structural characteristics of initial, heated (T) and hydrothermally (HTT) treated at 150 and 200°C silica gel Si-60 and carhosils prepared from pyrolysis of acenaphthene (AN), acetylacetone (AC) and glucose (GL) under static conditions.16...

Keywords carbon-silica adsorbents, fumed silica, pyrolysis, glucose, starch, cellulose, phosphoric acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, structural characteristics. 

Table 3. Structural characteristics of initial silica gel Si-100 and carbosils prepared by pyrolysis of glucose (GL) under static (A) and dynamic (R) conditions.6...

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