Muscle glucose

In starvation, glucose must be ptovided for the brain and erythrocytes initially, this is supphed from hver glycogen reserves. To spare glucose, muscle and other tissues reduce glucose uptake in response to lowered insuhn secretion they also oxidize fatty acids and ketone bodies preferentially to glucose. 

Assess patients receiving systemic corticosteroids for mental status changes, fluid retention, increased blood glucose, muscle weakness, or development of new infections. 

E. Both fructose and galactose can be converted to blood glucose in the absence of phospho-enolpyruvate carboxykinase, but this enzyme is required for conversion of lactate to blood glucose. Muscle glycogen is not converted to blood glucose. 

The absorption of sulfonylureas from the upper gastrointestinal tract is faidy rapid and complete. The agents are transported in the blood as protein-bound complexes. As they are released from protein-binding sites, the free (unbound) form becomes available for diffusion into tissues and to sites of action. Specific receptors are present on pancreatic islet P-ceU surfaces which bind sulfonylureas with high affinity. Binding of sulfonylureas to these receptors appears to be coupled to an ATP-sensitive channel to stimulate insulin secretion. These agents may also potentiate insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. 

Insulin is a peptide hormone, secreted by the pancreas, that regulates glucose metabolism in the body. Insufficient production of insulin or failure of insulin to stimulate target sites in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue leads to the serious metabolic disorder known as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes afflicts millions of people worldwide. Diabetic individuals typically exhibit high levels of glucose in the blood, but insulin injection therapy allows diabetic individuals to maintain normal levels of blood glucose. 

For all these activities, breakdown of muscle glycogen provides much of the needed glucose. The rate of glycogen con-... 

Hargreaves, M., 1997. Interactions between muscle glycogen and blood glucose during exercise. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 25 21-39. 

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