Muscle glucose transporter expression

Fukumoto, H., et al. Cloning and characterization of the major insulin-responsive glucose transporter expressed in human skeletal muscle and other insulin-responsive tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 1989, 264, 7776-7779. 

Weinstein, S. P., Holand, A., O Boyle, E., and Haber, R. S. (1993). Effects of Thia-zolidinediones on Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance and GLUT4 Glucose Transporter Expression in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Metabolism 42, 1365-1369. 

Stimulated translocation of the GLUT-4 glucose transporter (which is regulated by insulin) to the plasma membrane was demonstrated in rat adipocytes, and increased glucose transporter expression in the presence of vanadate was shown in vitro in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and in vivo in rat skeletal muscle. Vanadate increased sensitivity to insulin in activating glucose transport in normal and insulin-resistant rat adipocytes (but not human adipocytes ), via enhanced insulin binding. 

Brichard SM, Assimacopoulos-Jeannet F, Jeanrenaud B. 1992. Vanadate treatment markedly increases glucose utilization in muscle of insuhn-resistant fa/fa rats without modifying glucose transporter expression. Endocrinology 131 311-317. 

GLUT4 is a glucose transporter exclusively expressed in tissues with insulin-sensitive glucose uptake (heart, muscle, fat). Under basal conditions, GLUT4 is predominantly located in intracellular vesicles, and is... 

Doege, H., et al. Characterization of human glucose transporter (GLUT) 11 (encoded by SLC2A11), a novel sugar-transport facilitator specifically expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Biochem. J. 2001, 359, 443-449. 

Kayano T, Fukumoto H, Eddy RL, Fan YS, Byers MG, Shows TB, Bell GI (1988), Evidence for a family of human glucose transporter-like proteins. Sequence and gene localization of a protein expressed in fetal skeletal muscle and other tissues, J. Biol. Chem. 263 15245-15248. 

A putative Na+-coupled amino acid carrier from LLC-PK cells (A system transporter) (Kong et al., 1993) showed a surprising 76% identity and 89% similarity with the amino acid sequence of the Na+-glucose cotransporter from the same cell line (LLC-PKi cells). Transcripts for this transporter were detected in liver, skeletal muscle, and spleen, tissues that do not express high affinity Na+/glu-cose cotransporter. This putative amino acid transporter has now been identified as a low affinity glucose transporter (Mackenzie et al., 1994). 

Insulin stimulates glucose transport in typical target tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue. Muscle and fat express predominantly the insulin sensitive GLUT-4 (Fukumoto et al., 1989). Insulin stimulation induces recruitment of GLUT-4 from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane (Wardzala et al., 1978 Cushman and Wardzala, 1980 Suzuki and Kono, 1980 Kono et al., 1981). 

Skeletal muscle and adipose express two major isoforms of glucose transports, GLUT 1 and GLUT 4. GLUT 1, a ubiquitously expressed glucose... 

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