Glucose fuel cells

Kerzemnacher S., J. Ducr6e, R. Zengerle, F. von Stetten, Enragy harvesting by implantable abiotically catalyzed glucose fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 182, 1 (2008). 

Fujiwara, N., Yamazaki, S.I., Siroma, Z., loroi, T., Senoh, H., Yasuda, K. (2009) Nonenzymatic glucose fuel cells with an anion exchange membrane as an electrolyte. Electrochemistry Communications, 11, 390-392. 

Sato F, Togo M, Islam MK, Matsue T, Kosuge J, Fukasaku N, Kurosawa S, Nishizawa M. Enzyme-based glucose fuel cell using vitamin K3-immobilized polymer as an electron mediator. Electrochem Commun 2005 7 643-647. 

Hussein L, Feng YL, Alonso-Vante G, Urban G, Kruger M. Functionalized-carbon nanotube supported electrocatalysts and buckypaper-based biocathodes for glucose fuel cell applications. Electrochim Acta 2011 56 7659-7665. 

Kuwahara T, Ohta H, Kondo M, Shimomura M. Immobihzation of glucose oxidase on carbon paper electrodes modified with conducting pol3mier and its application to a glucose fuel cell. Bioelectrochemistry 2008 74 66-72. 

Prilutsky S, Schechner P, Bubis E, Makarov V, Zussman E, Cohen Y. Anodes for glucose fuel cells based on carbonized nanofibers with embedded carbon nanotubes. Electrochim Acta 2010 55 3694-3702. 

Kerzenmacher S, Ducree J, Zengerle R, von Stetten E. Energy harvesting by implantable abioticaUy catalyzed glucose fuel cells. J Power Sources 2008 182 1-17. 

Sharma T, Hu Y, StoUer M, Feldman M, Ruoff RS, Ferrari M, Zhang X. Mesoporous silica as a membrane for ultra-thin implantable direct glucose fuel cells. Lab Chip 2011 11 2460 2465. 

Electrodes Rechargeable batteries (accumulators) fuel cells, photoelectrochemical cells, analytical sensors (pH, O2, NO, SO2, NH3, glucose), electrocardiography (ECG)... 

The body functions as a kind of fuel cell that uses oxygen from the air to oxidize glucose ... 

Possibilities for Enzymes in Implantable Fuel Cells There is significant and increasing demand for power supplies for implantable medical devices, including continuous glucose monitors for diabetic patients, thermal sensors for... 

Figure 17.17 Schematic representation of a single-compartment glucose/02 enzyme fuel cell built from carbon fiber electrodes modified with Os -containing polymers that incorporate glucose oxidase at the anode and bilirubin oxidase at the cathode. The inset shows power density versus cell potential curves for this fuel cell operating in a quiescent solution in air at pH 7.2, 0.14 M NaCl, 20 mM phosphate, and 15 mM glucose. Parts of this figure are reprinted with permission from Mano et al. [2003]. Copyright (2003) American Chemical Society.

Kakehi N, Yamazaki T, Tsugawa W, Sode K. 2007. A novel wireless glucose sensor employing direct electron transfer principle based enzyme fuel cell. Biosens Bioelectron 22 2250-2255. 

Assembled glucose-oxygen biocatalytic fuel cells... 

In this section, the enzymes, and associated substrates, used as biocatalysts in anodes are presented. For the development of biocatalytic anodes, there is a wide range of fuels available for use as substrates, such as alcohols, lactate, hydrogen, fructose, sucrose, all of which can be oxidized by biocatalysts. The fuel that is the most widely considered, however, in the context of an implantable biocatalytic fuel cell is glucose. We shall focus our attention on this fuel, but will mention briefly research on the use of some other fuels in biocatalytic anodes. 

Since the first report on the ferrocene mediated oxidation of glucose by GOx [69], extensive solution-phase studies have been undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the factors controlling the mediator-enzyme interaction. Although the use of solution-phase mediators is not compatible with a membraneless biocatalytic fuel cell, such studies can help elucidate the relationship between enzyme structure, mediator size, structure and mobility, and mediation thermodynamics and kinetics. For example, comprehensive studies on ferrocene and its derivatives [70] and polypy-ridyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium [71, 72] as mediators of GOx have been undertaken. Ferrocenes have come to the fore as mediators to GOx, surpassing many others, because of factors such as their mediation efficiency, stability in the reduced form, pH independent redox potentials, ease of synthesis, and substitutional versatility. Ferrocenes are also of sufficiently small size to diffuse easily to the active site of GOx. However, solution phase mediation can only be used if the future biocatalytic fuel cell... 

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