Separation fructose/ glucose

The separation of the two sugars fructose and glucose, is currently perhaps the industrial separation of biomolecules performed on the largest scale. Since it is a typical two-component separation, the advantages of utilizing an SMB for this purpose are obvious and glucose/fructose separations by SMB are well estab-... 

The technology of SMB chromatography has been widely used in the petrochemical (xylene isomer separation) and food industries (glucose-fructose separation) in... 

Glucose-Fructose separation using SMB and Varicol Processes Two cases (a) maximization of both purity and productivity of fructose, and (b) maximization of productivity of both glucose and fructose. NSGA Both operation and design optimization were studied. This is one of the three applications presented in Yu et ol. (2004). Subramani et d. (2003a) Yu et d. (2004)... 

Subramani, H. J., Hidajat, K. and Ray, A. K. (2003a). Optimization of simulated moving bed Varicol processes for glucose-fructose separation, Trans IChemE., 81, pp. 549-567. 

The conversion of the compounds under investigation into coloured derivatives (e.g., the separation of carbonyl compounds by conversion into their 2 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, etc. of hydrocarbons through their picrates of alcohols through their 3 5-dinitrobenzoates of glucose, fructose and other simple sugars through their p-phenylazobenzoyl esters). 

Ligand exchange Equihbrium Chromatographic separation of glucose-fructose mixtures with Ca-form resins Removal of hea y metals with chelating resins Affinity chromatography... 

Historically, techniques such as the formation of osazones and the demonstration of fermentation have contributed significantly to the separation and identification of carbohydrates. Observation of the characteristic crystalline structure and melting point of the osazone derivative, prepared by reaction of the monosaccharide with phenylhydrazine, was used in identification. This method is not completely specific, however, because the reaction involves both carbon atoms 1 and 2 with the result that the three hexoses, glucose, fructose and mannose (Figure 9.19), will yield identical osazones owing to their common enediol form. 

Hashimoto K., Adachi S., Noujima H. and Maruyama A., Models for separation of glucose-fructose mixture using a simulated moving bed adsorber, J. Chem. Engng. Japan. 16 (1983) pp. 400-406. 

Put 1-mL portions of phenylhydrazine reagent into each of four cleaned, numbered test tubes. Add 3.3-mL portions of 0.1 M solutions of glucose, fructose, lactose, and maltose and heat the tubes in the beaker of hot water for 20 min. Shake the tubes occasionally to relieve supersaturation and note the times at which osazones separate. If after 20 min no product has separated, cool and scratch the test tube to induce crystallization. 

Fig. 3-105. Separation of various sugar alcohols and saccharides. - Separator column CarboPac PA-1 eluent 0.15 mol/L NaOH flow rate 1 mL/min detection pulsed amperometry at a Au working electrode injection volume 50 pL solute concentrations 10 ppm xylitol, 5 ppm sorbitol, 20 ppm each of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, fructose, and lactose, 100 ppm sucrose and raffmose, 50 ppm maltose.

A simple but useful example of pulsed-amperometric detection is shown in Fig. 6.21 where glucose, fructose and a trace of sucrose are determined in honey by anion chromatography. Much more complex samples can be resolved using gradient elution. This is demonstrated in Fig. 6.22 where 18 carbohydrates were separated. Elution of the later peaks is speeded up by gradually reducing the eluent pH to inhibit ionization of the carbohydrates. However, post-column addition of 0.4 M sodium hydroxide was needed to restore the effluent to a pH sufficiently alkaline for effective pulsed amperometric detection. 

The ion-exchange resin is merely a support for the cations, and does not affect the separation. Ion-exchange resins are not the only possible supports for cations similar separations have been achieved on sodium-calcium zeo-lites. D-Fructose and D-glucose are separated from each other on an industrial scale by the use of barium zeolite columns." These separations... 

Sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol were separated and quantitated by HPLC. The sample preparation procedure included removal of acids by percolating the juice through a minicolumn... 

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