Ion chromatography of anions

Two other areas where amperometry has played a major role since the 1970s are the detection of various substances in high-performance liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. To a lesser extent, amperometric detection has also been applied to ion chromatography of anions and cations. 

Hu, W., Hasebe, K., Tanaka, K., and Haddad, P R., Electrostatic ion chromatography of polarizable anions in saline waters with N- 2-[acetyl(3-sulfopro-pyl)aminoethyl -N,N-dimethyldodecanaminium hydroxide (ammonium sulfobetaine-1) as the stationary phase and a dilute electrolytic solution as the mobile phase, /. Chromatogr. A, 850, 161, 1999. 

Ion Chromatography has also been utilized for the determination of azide in water effluents and in particulates generated from the deployment of an air bag system. In a recent study (12) particulate material was collected and leached with deionized water. The solutions were then analyzed by Ion Chromatography for anions. A typical chromatogram showing acetate, chloride, nitrite, azide and sulfate is shown in Figure 6. The concentration of azide was also analyzed using a colorimetric technique. Results for equivalent samples correlated to within 5% (12). 

Elemental composition Cd 30.69%, I 69.31%. A small amount of salt is weighed accurately, dissolved in water, appropriately diluted, and analyzed by AA or ICP spectrophotometry. Iodide anion at similar trace concentrations may be analyzed by ion chromatography. 1 anion may be identified by adding a few drops of 6MHNO3 to a few drops of the aqueous solution of the salt, followed by the addition of ImL 0.1 MFeCls solution and ImL methylene chloride. A purple or pink bottom layer after shaking indicates the presence of iodide. 

Tanaka, K., Ohta, K., Haddad, P. R., Fritz, J. S., Miyanaga, A., Hu, W., Hasebe, K., Lee, K. P., and Sarzanini, C. (2001) High-performance Ion-exclusion/cation-exchange Chromatography of Anions and Cations in Acid Rain Waters on a Weakly Acidic Cation-exchange Resin, J. Chromatogr. A 920, 239-245. 

Fig. 2.20 Ion chromatography on anions in potable water. Simultaneous elution of bromide and nitrate using standard eluant...

Connolly, D. and Pauli, B. Fast ion chromatography of common inorganic anions on a short ODS column permanently coated with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide. J. Chromatogr A. 2002, 953, 299-303. 

As described in Sections 3.3.3 and 3.4.3, hollow fiber suppressors no longer represent the state-of-the-art. Thus, a micromembrane suppressor was introduced under the trade name AMMS-MPIC for ion-pair chromatography of anions. Its structure corresponds to the systems developed for ion-exchange and ion-exclusion chromatography. Like the AFS-2, the AMMS-MPIC micromembrane suppressor contains a solvent-resistant membrane that is permeable to quaternary ammonium bases. Regarding the exchange... 

P. R. Haddad, P. W. Alexander, and M. Trojanowicz, Ion chromatography of inorganic anions with potentiometric detection using a metallic copper electrode, /. Chromaiogr., 321,363,1985. 

Chapter 11 details the relevant methods of analysis for both metals and organic compounds. For elemental (metal) analysis, particular attention is given to atomic spectroscopic methods, including atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy. Details are also provided on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the direct analysis of metals in solids, ion chromatography for anions in solution, and anodic stripping voltammetry for metal ions in solution. For organic compounds,... 

Grunau, J. A. and Swiader, J. M., Application of ion chromatography to anion analysis in vegetable leaf extracts. Common. Soil Set Plant Anal., 17, 321-335, 1986. 

As mentioned above ion-pair partition is automatically involved in chromatography of anionic solutes on dynamically coated phases using long chain quaternary ammonium ions. The possibility of ion-pair partition of cationic solutes, however, has not been investigated and problems might occur due to the apparent possibility of ion-pair formation between the counterion and surfactant ions, as well as the solute in question. A dynamic modification of the support surface (alumina), using... 

The acid strength of a solntion is determined from the pH measnrement. Individual acid anions can be determined by wet analysis or by ion chromatography. Many anions can be analyzed by using ion-specific electrodes. 

The exact nature of scale is best determined by FTIR or X-ray spectroscopy. Anions and the cations respectively in the water phase can be determined through methods such as atomic adsorption (for cations) and ion chromatography (for anions). Unlike microbiological and organic deposits, determining the exact chemical composition of the scale is critical to establishing the best approach for reduction of scale formation. 

Determination of Inorganic Anions Using Ion Chromatography (IC) Anion-Exchange IC with Suppressed Conductivity Detection... 

Fig.4. Gradient elution ion-chromatography of protein research compound (acetate form) spiked with anions, conductivity detection, a) standard solution (containing fluoride, acetate, chloride, oxalate, and citrate) b) protein plus standard addition of above solution.

Where instrumental chromatographic techniques have found a place in water analysis they are discussed in this section or the principle is mentioned. Details of individual methods are to be found, for example, in Sections 3.2 (ion chromatography for anions), 3.6 and. 2 (gas chromatography), and. 1 and. 2 (HPLC). 

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