Glucose electrochemical measurements

J. Wang, M.P. Chatrathi and B. Tian, Microseparation chips for performing multienzymatic dehydrogenase/oxidase assays Simultaneous electrochemical measurement of ethanol and glucose, Anal. Chem., 73 (2001) 1296-1300. 

Schlapfer, P., Mundt, W., Racine, P., Electrochemical Measurement of Glucose using Various Electron Acceptors , Clin. Chim. Acta 57 (1974) 283. 

Ikebukuro et al. [12] first reported an electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of thrombin based on a sandwich-based assay. Two different aptamers specific for thrombin were used the 29-mer thiolated aptamer and the 15-mer aptamer labeled with glucose dehydrogenase [GDH]. The thiolated aptamer was immobilized onto gold electrodes thrombin at different concentrations and then the enzyme-labeled aptamer was added to the aptamer-modified electrodes. The electric current generated by the addition of glucose was measured at 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a buffer containing... 

Rishpon, J., and Gottesfeld, S., Investigation of polypyrrole/glucose oxidase electrodes by ellipsometric. microgravimetric and electrochemical measurements. Biosens. Bioelectron., 6, 143 (1991). 

Electrochemical Measurements. The amperometric glucose measurements were made at 650 mV (vs SCE). The admittance measurements were made between the outer pair of modified electrodes using a 10 mV (rms) 10 kHz ac potential, there was no applied dc potential. The measurements made with the polyHEMA membranes were at 37°C, the remainder were made at room temperature. 

While most POC blood glucose systems are based on electrochemical measurements, there is an optical system produced by HemoCue, the HemoCue Glucose 201 system. Examples of electrochemical POC systems include Roche s Accu-Chek Inform II and Nova Biomedical s StatStrip . 

Schlapfer P, Mindt W, Racine P. Electrochemical measurement of glucose using various electron acceptors. Clin Chim Acta 1974 57 283-289. 

Dhand and co-workers also synthesized PANI hydrogels-based biosensor electrode. The working mechanism of the sensor relies on the redox properties of the glucose oxidase where the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase and glucose is monitored through electrochemical measurement of the glucose oxidase-PANl... 

Scale of Operation Voltammetry is routinely used to analyze samples at the parts-per-million level and, in some cases, can be used to detect analytes at the parts-per-billion or parts-per-trillion level. Most analyses are carried out in conventional electrochemical cells using macro samples however, microcells are available that require as little as 50 pL of sample. Microelectrodes, with diameters as small as 2 pm, allow voltammetric measurements to be made on even smaller samples. For example, the concentration of glucose in 200-pm pond snail neurons has been successfully monitored using a 2-pm amperometric glucose electrode. ... 

Entrapment of biochemically reactive molecules into conductive polymer substrates is being used to develop electrochemical biosensors (212). This has proven especially useful for the incorporation of enzymes that retain their specific chemical reactivity. Electropolymerization of pyrrole in an aqueous solution containing glucose oxidase (GO) leads to a polypyrrole in which the GO enzyme is co-deposited with the polymer. These polymer-entrapped GO electrodes have been used as glucose sensors. A direct relationship is seen between the electrode response and the glucose concentration in the solution which was analyzed with a typical measurement taking between 20 to 40 s. 

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