Global from natural source

Mercury emissions from European anthropogenic sources in 2002 totaled 180 tons this is 11 % lower than those in 2001. The input from natural emission and re-emission from European soils and the marginal seas is estimated at about 150 tons. More than 65% of emitted mercury was transported beyond the boundaries of Europe. The total mercury depositions to Europe were about 100 tons. Of this amount, 50 tons originated from anthropogenic sources of European countries the rest was the input from natural sources, re-emission and global anthropogenic sources. 

Bates TS, Lamb B, Guenther A, Dignon J, Stoiber R (1992) Sulfur emissions to the atmosphere from natural sources. J Atmos Chem 14 315-337 Bischoff B, Karsten U, Daniel C, Kuck K, Xia B, Wiencke W (1994) Preliminary assessment of the beta-dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) content of macroalgae from the tropical island Hainan (People s Republic of China). Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 45 1329-1336 Bolser RC, Hay ME (1996) Are tropical plants better defended Palatability and defenses of temperate vs. tropical seaweeds. Ecology 77 2269-2286 Brasseur G, Orlando J, Tyndall G (1999) Atmospheric chemistry and global change. Oxford, New York... 

Ng, J. C., Wang, J., and Shraim, A. (2003). A global health problem caused by arsenic from natural sources. Chemosphere 52, 1353—1359. 

Globally, about half of all atmospheric sulfate is derived from combustion of fossil fuels and half from natural sources (Berner and Bemer 1987). It has been estimated that anthropogenic sources are responsible for 90% of the total atmospheric sulfur deposition in eastern North America, which occurs as dry deposition of SO2 gas and sulfate particles or dissolved in rain. The highest amounts of sulfate and nitrate in U.S. rain, which are found in the northeast [Fig. 8.7(a) and Fig. 8.7(b)], are... 

Many components of natural essential oils are cresols or allied products. Some of these essentials oils giving their therapeutic actions and principal constituents are outlined here vide Table 10.1. Most of these oils are produced commercially although some of them are little known. Attempts have been also made by the global key players to produce matching synthetic blends from components made by organic chemical synthesis. Needless to emphasize that synthetically made essential oils are much cheaper than those obtained from natural sources. 

Globally anthropogenic emissions of metals (Table 2.3) already exceed the emissions of several trace elements from natural sources. On a regional scale in densely... 

Tab. 2.1 A comparison of estimated global anthropogenic emissions of trace metals in the midi 990s with emissions from natural sources (Pacyna and Pacyna 2001) (emissions in 10 metric tons year" ).

The anthropogenic enrichment factor for the total global emission of Cd is 89% that is, 11% is from natural sources such as volcanoes (Walker et al. 1996). 

Of the various emissions of nitrogen compounds which enter into the atmosphere, the oxides N2O, NO, NO2, and NH3, NH, NOJ are the most important species. Natural sources considerably exceed the sources from anthropogenic activity. Global emissions from natural sources are summarized in Table 5.13 [26] amounts originating during the combustion processes may be found in Table 5.14 [26]. For an estimate of emissions from central European countries, Yugoslavia, Roumania and USSR in 1980 see Table 5.15. 

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