Glial cells, stem cell derived

Brustle O, Jones KN, Learish RD, Karram K, Choudhary K, Wiestler OD, Duncan ID, McKay RD (1999) Embryonic stem cell-derived glial precursors a source of myelinating transplants. Science 285 754-756... 

It is important to emphasize that before the stem cell derived neuronal/glial models can be used for regulatory purposes and routine screening, they should be standardized and their capacity for predicting human NT and DNT effects carefully evaluated (Hartung et al. 2004). 

Oliver Briistle, Kimberly N. Jones, Randall D. I earish, Khaled Karram, Khalid Choudhary, Otmar D. Wiestler, Ian D. Duncan, Ronald D. G. McKay, Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Glial Precursors A Source of Myelinating Transplants, Science, 285 (1999), 754-756. 

Bone morphogenetic proteins stimulate astrogenesis 508 Neural crest stem cells give rise to neuronal or glial derivatives in the peripheral nervous system 509... 

Adult-derived neural progenitor and stem cells have been transplanted into the CNS of normal and animal models in rodents. Adult rat hippocampal-derived neural progenitor and stem cells have been grafted into the hippocampus, where they differentiated into neuronal and glial cells [12]. In another study, adult rat spinal-cord-derived neural progenitor and stem... 

Several ceU sources have been used for experimental ceU therapy approaches pluripotent stem cells like embryonic stem cells from the blastocyst and embryonic germ cells [47, 48], human cord-blood derived cells [49], but also cultured cell lines. Neural stem cells (stem cells forming neuronal as well as glial cell lineages) isolated from different parts of the brain known to harbor multipotent neural stem cells [50-52] are also an option. In a non-neurode-generative indication, a cultured cell line was used to treat patients after stroke in a pilot clinical trial. The cells were transplanted in the paramedian plane and treatment was reported to be safe, with signs of efficacy [53]. 

Akerud, P., Canals, J.M., Snyder, E.Y., Arenas, E. Neuroprotection through Delivery of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor by Neural Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Parkinson s Disease. J. Neurosci. 21, 8108—8118 (2001)... 

GDNF Glial-derived neurotrophic factor HYAMC Hyaluronic acid-methylcellulose hESC Human Embryonic Stem Cell hMSC Human mesenchymal stem cells iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase EPS Lipopolysaccharide MC Methylcellulose MP Methylprednisolone MWCNT Multiwalled carbon nanotube... 

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