Glasses lithium analysis

Microfluidic devices have gained importance and utility for analyses of various molecules, including drugs and their metabolites. Vrouwe et al. [151] developed NCE for point-of-care testing of lithium in blood samples. The device consisted of a glass chip coupled with a conductivity detector. The authors tested this system for lithium analysis in five patients in the hospital. Furthermore, the authors reported that sodium, lithium, magnesium, and calcium were separated in <20 seconds. The authors claimed that the NCE system provided a convenient and rapid method for point-of-care testing of electrolytes in serum and whole blood. 

Sayre, E. V. (1965). Refinement in methods of neutron activation analysis of ancient glass objects through the use of lithium drifted germanium diode counters. In Comptes Rendus Vile Congres International du Verre, Bruxelles, 28 Juin-3 Juillet 1965, Charleroi, Institut National du Verre. 

LA-ICP-MS was used for in situ determination of ultratrace elements in quartz. The analytical protocol included the following elements Al, Ba, Be, Cr, Ee, Ge, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Ti and U . Apphcation of the LA technique to heterogeneous samples usually requires preparing a homogeneous glass by fusing with lithium borate . A difficulty encountered with multi-element LA-ICP-MS analysis is the absence of standards... 

Melting of samples is necessary for performing the analysis of ceramics and glass materials by means of x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Lithium tetraborate is added as flux for lowering the melting temperature. The homogeneous disks that form can be considered a solid solution of the sample compounds in the binder. 

Two additional hydrofluoric acid methods have been reported (1,2), and are similar to that described above. The method of Hughes et al. has also been the subject of two comparative studies relevant to the analysis of ceramics (2,31). Techniques that retain silicon have been discussed (1,2) and involve either fusion with lithium metaborate [or sodium carbonate (2)] or high pressure dissolution in a PTFE bomb. An alternative high pressure method, developed by Price and Whiteside (32), was evaluated in the course of this investigation but was found to be unreliable for stained glass of medieval composition in many experiments dissolution was incomplete. Attempts to modify the procedure by varying the prescribed dissolution parameters produced insufficiently consistent results although superior conditions were established (Table I). 

The typical XRF analysis of rock samples mvolves the preparation of the rock in two different forms — a pressed powder disc for trace element analysis (Leake et 0/., 1969) and a glass bead made from the powdered sample fused with lithium metabotate or tetraborate for major element analysis (Norrish and Hutton, 1969 Qaisse, 1989). The major elements are determined using one X-ray tube whereas trace element are determined using one or more different tubes. X-ray tubes are delicate and cube changes are nunimized to conserve their life, so data are normally obtained in batches over the space of several weeks or months. 

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