Glass tank furnaces

Surface currents can be followed with the use of ceramic, graphite or quartz floaters this is more difficult with currents in the deeper layers where special submerged probes or isotope tracing are employed. Complete data on the flow rate distribution in a glass tank furnace are difficult to obtain by direct measurement so that... 

The intensity of volatilization is not identical in all the tank furnace zones. More intensive volatilization can be expected to occur at the front of the melting zone because volatilization is promoted by the higher concentration of volatile substances in the primary melt, as well as by the carry-over of fine particles of the volatile batch components which are readily converted to vapours. According to the analysis performed by Ldffler (1958) for a sheet glass tank furnace, vapours may constitute even more than 90% of the material lost during melting, only the rest being dust carry-over. 

Gunther R., Glasschmetzwannendfen, Frankfurt, 1954. Glass Tank Furnaces, Soc. Glass Technology, Sheffield, 1958. 

The glass tank furnace is essentially a continuous-flow reactor where it is desirable to know not only the kinetics of the main chemical and physical processes, but also the characteristics of mass transfer through the reactor. 

In practice the type of flow can be determined by introducing into the system entry a suitable indicator at a certain time either instantaneously (pulse signal) or permanently (step signal) and by measuring its concentration at the exit as a function of time. Radioactive substances or small amounts of ZnO, CeOj, etc. are used for this purpose in glass tank furnaces. 

Fusion-cast refractories are used for lining glass-tank furnaces, for electrode and bubbling blocks, for burner ports, throats, etc. Fusion-cast materials of the chromc--magnesite type are utilized in steelmaking. 

A. Yamaguchi, Reactions between alkaline vapors and refractories for glass tank furnace. Int. Congr. Glass [Pap], 10th, 1974, Vol. 2 (1974). 

Mase, H., and Oda, K. "Mathematical Model of Glass Tank Furnace With Batch Melting Process." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 38 and 39 (1980) 807-12. 

Alcove. A narrow covered extension to the working end of a glass-tank furnace it conveys molten glass to a forehearth or revolving pot. 

Blanket Feeding. The charging of batch (to a glass tank furnace) as a broad, thin layer this gives a uniform distribution across the width of the furnace. 

Breast Wall. (1) The side-wall of a glass-tank furnace above the tank blocks, also known as casing wall, casement... 

Cell Furnace. A glass-tank furnace in which glass in the melting end and auxiliary chambers is heated electrically. Cellular Brick or Block. A clay building brick or block which shall not have holes, but may have frogs or cavities (holes closed at one end) exceeding 20% of the volume of the brick or block. (B.S. 

That part of the feeder, away from the wall of a glass-tank furnace, in which the temperature of the molten glass is adjusted to that required for working. Conduit (for Electric Cable). See cable... 

Cross-fired Furnace. A glass-tank furnace heated by flames that cross the furnace perpendicular to the direction of flow of the glass the furnace has several pairs of ports along its melting end (cf. 

Crown. A furnace roof, particularly of a glass-tank furnace. 

DOFP. Direct-On Finish Process of vitreous enamelling (US abbreviation). Dog-house. In an open-hearth steel furnace, the arched refractory area through which a metallic burner (for oilfiring) is inserted in a glass-tank furnace, the refractory-lined extension into which batch is fed. 

Downward Drilling. Wear on glass-tank furnace bottoms. 

Drum. (1) Term sometimes applied to the mouth of a port in a glass-tank furnace. 

End Feather. See feather brick. End-fired Furnace. A type of glass-tank furnace in which the ports are in the back wall (cf. cross fired furnace). 

Feeder Spout or Feeder Nose. The part of the feeder in a glass tank furnace containing an opening in which the orifice ring is inserted it forms the end of the forehearth. 

Flume. Local term for the alkali vapour volatilized from the glass in a glass-tank furnace it causes corrosion of the furnace roof, downtakes, and regenerator refractories. (A corruption of Fume .)... 

Flux-line Block. A refractory block for use in the upper course of the walls of a glass-tank furnace. The flux line is the surface level of the molten glass and attack on the refractories is more severe... 

An extension of a glass-tank furnace from which glass is taken for forming. Fork. A metal device for placing vitreous enamelware in, and subsequently removing it from, a box furnace. 

Jiggerman. A workman in a glassworks whose job is to return sculls (q.v.) to the charging end of a glass-tank furnace, (cf. JiGGERER, the man who operates a JIGGER (q.v.) in a pottery.)... 

Matching Piece. A short refractory channel between the spout of a glass-tank furnace and the pot spout for a revolving pot also known as an intermediate piece. 

Melting End. The part of a glass-tank furnace where the batch is melted and the glass is refined. 

Midfeather. A dividing wall between two flues, in a gas retort or glass-tank furnace for example in the latter, the wall may also be called a tongue. 

Quarl Block. A refractory shape forming the whole, or a segment, of a gas- or oil-fired burner, particularly in a boiler furnace or glass-tank furnace. 

Refining. The process in glass-making during which the molten glass becomes virtually free from bubbles this is effected in the refining zone of a glass-tank furnace, or in a pot. 

Shadow Wall. A refractory wall in a glass-tank furnace erected on the bridge cover it may be solid or may have openings, its purpose being to screen the working end from excessive heat radiation. It is also sometimes known as a baffle wall or curtain wall but the latter term is by some authorities reserved for a suspended wall serving the same purpose. 

Shelving. The effect produced in the refractory lining of a glass-tank furnace by severe erosion of the horizontal joints between the tank blocks. 

Side Pocket. Alternative name for slag POCKET (q.v.) as applied to glass-tank furnaces. 

Slag Pocket. A refractory-lined chamber at the bottom of the downtake of an open-hearth steel furnace, or of a glass-tank furnace, designed to trap slag and dust from the waste gases before they enter the regenerator. 

A movable refractory shape for the control of the flow of glass in the channel leading from a glass-tank furnace to a revolving pot of a suction machine. 

Tank Block. A refractory block used in the lower part of a glass-tank furnace. These blocks are normally made of sillimanite, mullite or corundum they are frequently made by electrofusion of the refractory, which is then cast in a mould to form a highly crystalline, virtually non-porous, block. See T. S. Busby, Tank Blocks for Glass Furnaces (Sheffield Soc. Glass Tech., 1966). 

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