Quartz-halogen lamps

Quartz glass Quartz-halide bulbs Quartz halogen lamp Quartzite... 

Photothermal sensitization has been mentioned briefly with regard to nickel(II) octabutoxy-naphthalocyanine (Section 9.22.10.1). A similar phenomenon has been observed with copper(II) haematoporphyrin ((1), Cu for 2H).196 This substance is accumulated by amelanotic melanoma cells. When the impregnated cells were subjected to light from a quartz-halogen lamp cell survival was not affected (i.e., no PDT effect), but intense pulsed laser irradiation (532 nm, Q-switched... 

This type of bulb is called a quartz-halogen lamp because iodine is a halogen element (from Group VII of the periodic table). 

Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS Ryton) is a solvent-resistant plastic that is useful in high-temperature service (structure 4.71). PPS is used for pumps, sleeve bearing, cookware, quartz halogen lamp parts, and electrical appliance housings. 

The lamp used, which is a quartz halogen lamp, produces radiation of high intensity to take advantage of the fact that the strength of the fluoresence is related to... 

T Tubular fluorescent lamp TC Tubular fluorescent compact lamp H High pressure HM High pressure mercury HI High pressure iodide HS High pressure sodium L Low pressure LS Low pressure sodium Q Quartz (halogen) lamp . T Tubular lamp . E Elliptical form (2) -D Double tube compact lamp -DE Double ended -L Long compact lamp -SE Self ballasted electronic -U U-shaped fluorescent lamp -Us U-shaped fluorescent lamp, short -EL Compact fluorescent lamp for external electronic ballast -with key letter T Tube diameter (in mm) (3) Lamp rated power (without ballast), in W. 

The most common radiation sources are thermal ones. In the NIR region quartz-halogen lamps are mainly used. These emit the radiation of a tungsten wire, which is a grey body at about 3000 K, the emissivity of which has been studied by De Vos, 1954, Rutgers and De Vos, 1954, 1973. 

Fig. 24. KineticaDy measuring reflectometer in the Ektachem. 1 stepping motor, 2 lens system, 3 filter rotor, 4 lens system (collimator), 5 slide in the incubator, 6 filter, 7 aperture, 8 spheric mirror, 9 quartz halogen lamp, 10 objective lens system, 11 infrared filter, 12 mirror, 13 diaphragm, 14 photodetector.

Operationally, the optical components used in turbidimeters and nephelometers are similar to those used in fluorometers or photometers. For example, the light sources commonly used are quartz halogen lamps, xenon lamps, and lasers. He-Ne lasers, which operate at 633 nm, have typically been used for light-scattering applications, such as nephelometric immunoassays and particle size and shape determinations. The laser beam is used specifically in some nephelometers because of its high intensity in addition, the coherent nature of laser light makes it ideally suited for nephelometric applications. 

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