Glass fiber dimensions

One more application area is composite materials where one wants to investigate the 3D structure and/or reaction to external influences. Fig.3a shows a shadow image of a block of composite material. It consists of an epoxy matrix with glass fibers. The reconstructed cross-sections, shown in Fig.3b, clearly show the fiber displacement inside the matrix. The sample can be loaded in situ to investigate the reaction of matrix and fibers to external strain. Also absorption and transmission by liquids can be visualized directly in three-dimensions. This method has been applied to the study of oil absorption in plastic granules and water collection inside artificial plant grounds. 

With the exception of glass fiber, asbestos (qv), and the specialty metallic and ceramic fibers, textile fibers are a class of soHd organic polymers distinguishable from other polymers by their physical properties and characteristic geometric dimensions (see Glass Refractory fibers). The physical properties of textile fibers, and indeed of all materials, are a reflection of molecular stmcture and intermolecular organization. The abiUty of certain polymers to form fibers can be traced to several stmctural features at different levels of organization rather than to any one particular molecular property. 

Step 1. A single crystal with the largest dimension equal to about 0.01 mm to 0.3 mm is mounted on a glass fiber which in turn is mounted on a copper pin. The copper pin is placed on a goniometer head which in turn is placed on the goniometer (Fig. 13). The crystal is positioned manually in the center of the goniometer. In this position, the crystal is always in the center of the monochromated incident x-ray beam (whose diameter is about 1.0 mm). 

Stanton, M. F., M. Layard, A. Tegeris, E. Miller, M. May, and E. Kent (1977). Carcinogenicity of fibrous glass pleural response in the rat in relation to fiber dimension. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58 587—603. 

Carefully selected crystals from both experiments, with regular prismatic shapes (all dimensions are within 0.4 to 0.6 mm) were glued on glass fibers and mounted on a Stoe reciprocal lattice explorer camera. Zr filtered molybdenum Ka radiation was used. 

Haramura et al. [19] described in details the inherent three-dimensional crystal structure of vigabatrin by using X-ray analysis. The only crystal suitable for X-ray diffraction experiments had approximate dimensions of 0.20 x 0.18 x 0.07 mm. The crystal was mounted on a glass fiber. The crystal and experimental data are given in Table 7.1. 

A miniaturized Fourier transform spectrometer for near-infrared measurements (FTIR, 2500-8330 nm) was developed at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe [120], Near-infrared measurements give information, for example, about the oil, water and protein content of liquids or solids. The dimensions of the detector chip are 11.5 x 9.4 mm, the device is essentially a miniaturized Michelson interferometer and it consists of a micro optical bench with beamsplitter, ball lenses, mirrors and the detector chip. The light beam is coupled in via a glass-fiber and an electromagnetic actuator. The signal is derived from the signal response of the detector by Fourier transformation. 

Physical dimensions or size of a fiber determine whether or not it is respirable. For example, for silica-based glass fiber, fibers less than 3 jxm in diameter and... 

A crystal of (I) with dimensions of 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.2 mm and a transparent tetrahedral crystal of (II) with approximate dimensions of 0.12 X 0.12 X 0.12 mm were isolated and mounted on glass fibers, respectively. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected with a Rigaku AFC7R diffractometer equipped with graphite monochromated Mo... 

A typical extraction sequence is similar to the traditional SPE, although 500 pL of the appropriate solvent is sufficient for disk conditioning and extraction of the analytes. Several types of disk extraction media are commercially available in different dimensions depending on the application and sample volume. The most prevalent are paper-based, membrane-based, glass fiber-based, and PTFE-based products. Commercially available products are Speediscs by Baker, Empore by 3M, Novo Clean by Alltech, and SPEC by Ansys Technol. 

HDPE, composite materials such as epoxy-glass fiber and epoxy-carbon fiber, and laminate structures such as polymer films on bulk metal substrates. Thin-conductive film heaters were made of electrically conductive paints, electrically conductive polymer films, metal foils (stainless-steel, copper, titanium, and titanium alloys), and thin metal films sputtered on a ceramics or glass. The samples dimensions varied from a few centimeters to 5m. 

---