Gibberellin plants

These compounds were originally isolated from a parasitic fungus that causes excessive leaf elongation in nee plants. The mechanisms and applications of this group of compounds are described in Gibberellic Acid and Gibberellin Plant Growth Hormones. 

PLANT HORMONES (Gibberellins). See Gibberellic Acid and Gibberellin Plant Growth Hormones. 

Green, F. B. and Corcoran, M. R. 1975. Inhibitory action of five tannins on growth induced by several gibberellins. Plant Physiol. 56, 801-806... 

The gibberellin plant hormones continue to attract synthetic attention. The total synthesis of gibberellin A4 (101) by a more efficient route has been reported,176 and a major achievement has been the total synthesis of gibberellin Ax (102) and... 

Gibberetlins Fusarium moniliforme Gibberellins, plant growth hormone... 

CERCOS, M., URBEZ, C., CARBONELL, J., A serine carbox3q)eptidase gene (PsCP), expressed in early steps of reproductive and vegetative development in Pisum sativum, is induced by gibberellins. Plant Molec. Biol., 2003, 51,165-174. 

Ho THD, Shih S, Kleinhofs A (1980) Screening for barley mutants with altered hormone sensitivity in their aleurone layers. Plant Physiol 66 153-157 Ho THD, Nolan RC, Shute DE (1981) Characterization of a gibberellin-insensitive dwarf wheat, D 6899 Evidence for a regulatory step common to many diverse responses to gibberellins. Plant Physiol 67 1026-1031... 

Shininger TL (1971) The regulation of cambial division and secondary xylem differentiation in Xanthium by auxins and gibberellin. Plant Physiol 47 417-422 Shininger TL (1979) The control of vascular development. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 30 313-337... 

Fuchs Y, Gertwan E 1974 Insoluble antibody column for isolation and quantitative-determination of gibberellins. Plant Cell Physiol 15 629-633... 

Compounds other than nutrients which afTect physiological processes in plants. E.g. auxins, gibberellins. 

Abscisin II is a plant hormone which accelerates (in interaction with other factors) the abscission of young fruit of cotton. It can accelerate leaf senescence and abscission, inhibit flowering, and induce dormancy. It has no activity as an auxin or a gibberellin but counteracts the action of these hormones. Abscisin II was isolated from the acid fraction of an acetone extract by chromatographic procedures guided by an abscission bioassay. Its structure was determined from elemental analysis, mass spectrum, and infrared, ultraviolet, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Comparisons of these with relevant spectra of isophorone and sorbic acid derivatives confirmed that abscisin II is 3-methyl-5-(1-hydroxy-4-oxo-2, 6, 6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-yl)-c s, trans-2, 4-pen-tadienoic acid. This carbon skeleton is shown to be unique among the known sesquiterpenes. 

In addition to inhibitory chemicals which enter the plant from the external environment, many endogenous inhibitors appear to function as regulators of seed germination and plant growth and development. The interrelationships between endogenous inhibitors and growth promoters such as the auxins, gibberellins, and kinins remain to be elucidated. 

FRAY R, WALLACE A, FRASER P D, VALERO D, HEDDEN P, BRAMLEY P M and GRIERSON D (1995) Constitutive expression of a fruit phytoene synthase gene in transgenic tomatoes causes dwarfism by redirecting metabolites from the gibberellin pathway . Plant J, 8, 696-701. 

FRET-based nanosensors have been successfully used to monitor steady state levels of metabolites, nutrients, and ions in mammalian cells [74, 87], Recently FRET-based glucose, sucrose, and amino acid nanosensors have been developed to study the metabolism of glucose, sucrose, and amino acid uptake and metabolism in plant cells [80,89, 91]. The enormous potential of these nanosensors will be crucial for understanding ion (e.g., calcium), metabolite (e.g., sugars), hormone (e.g., auxins, gibberellins etc.), and nutrient (e.g., nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) requirements and homeostasis in living plant tissues. 

ABA produce more mature seeds showing primary dormancy than the wild-type plants. A reduced dormancy often occurs in seeds of ABA-insensitive mutants. Gibberellin A (GA) is absolutely required for germination of the wild-type Arabidopsis seeds. Seeds of ethylene-insensitive and GA-insensitive mutants are supersensitive to exogenous ABA, which suggests that in imbibed seeds ethylene and GA may directly counteract the action of ABA in dormancy maintenance. ... 

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