Diversity: responses

In experiments using soil samples from a pristine aquifer exposed in the laboratory to a range of compounds, the following widely diverse responses were observed (Aelion et al. 1987, 1989) ... 

Frost TM, Montz PK, Kratz TK, Badillo T, Brezonik PL, Gonzalez MJ, Rada RG, Watras CJ, Webster KE, Wiener JG, Williamson CE, Morris DP. 1999. Multiple stresses from a single agent diverse responses to the experimental acidification of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin. Limnol Oceanogr 44(3, part 2) 784-794. 

It is our hypothesis that the diverse responses of green plants to ozone injury which have been measured previously are due to ionic imbalances induced by ozone. More specifically, ozone appears to induce gross leakage of K+ out of plant cells by some reaction in the membrane, and abolishes uptake of this ion by inhibition of a "K+ pump located on the plasmalemma. 

Glutamate can provide diverse response of a neuronal cell depending on which kind of receptors is included in realization of a pre-synaptic signal. Such phenomenon is explained by different sensitivity of receptors to the neurotransmitter as well as mutual influence of several sub-types of receptors on each other. In whole, activation of ionotropic receptors results in excitation and that of metabotropic receptors — in regulation of its amplitude and duration. 

After the introduction of chemical ionization (Cl) as an ionization method in mass spectrometry71 using CH4 as the source mainly for the protonating species CHs+, numerous other gases have been employed and found to protonate aniline as efficiently72. As a general rule, positive ion Cl mass spectrometry of anilines is ruled by their diverse response toward proton addition and/or electrophilic attack by reactant ions of the Cl plasma. 

Secondly, these diverse tasks bring diverse responsibilities. Very often, those working in Medical Affairs departments will find themselves in the... 

We have found that different polymeric matrices provide diverse response patterns of polymer-incorporated CdSe nanocrystals to vapors of different polarity. Such work promises to complement existing solvatochromic organic dye sensors with more photostable and reliable sensor materials. The stability of the sensor response pattern from 2.8 and 5.6-nm nanocrystals in PMMA film over more than 10 h of continuous exposure of the film to laser radiation is very attractive for diverse applications where continuous monitoring is needed. 

F. Joux, W.H. Jeffrey, P. Lebaron, D.L. Mitchell (1999). Marine bacterial isolates display diverse responses to UV-B radiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 65, 3820-3827. 

Keller, E.T., Ershler, W.B. and Chang, C. (1996) The androgen receptor a mediator of diverse responses. Frontiers in... 

Katta Bolic s severe negative nitrogen balance was caused by both her malnourished state and her intra-abdominal infection complicated by sepsis. The systemic and diverse responses the body makes to insults such as an acute febrile illness are termed the "acute phase response." An early event in this response is the stimulation of phagocytic activity (see Fig. 42.17). Stimulated macrophages release cytokines, which are regulatory proteins that stimulate the release of cortisol, insulin, and growth hormone. Cytokines also directly mediate the acute phase response of the liver and skeletal muscle to sepsis. 

In other instances unsaturated fatty acids can strongly repress cerevlslae enzymic activity e.g. alcohol acetyltransferase (56), acyltransferases Involved In glycerollpld synthesis (57), fatty acid biosynthesis (In both cerevlslae and Candida llpolytlca, 58) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (59). Some enzymes are repressed by long chain fatty acids (57-59), while unsaturated compounds have specific effects in others (56). Defined mechanisms for these diverse responses are not clear, although nonspecific surfactant action Is probably rare (57) and fatty acid metabolites mediate some repressive fatty acid effects (59). 

Many studies (e.g. Sauerbeck and Rietz, 1983) have indicated the existence of different binding forms and a strongly pH-dependent solubility effect of the trace elements. Plant uptake of a trace element occasionally correlates well with the amount of metal extracted by a specific chemical reagent. Unfortunately, the nature of the most appropriate reagent seems to vary with the type of plant being chosen, the element being considered, and the soil type. The diverse response... 

Latent alarm signals seem to be present in vertebrates, especially in tadpoles of fix)gs, and the existence of such signals may explain some basic evolution questions in e relationships between predators and prey. The presumable inactive compounds in question may be activated by the bacterial flora within the gut of predators, explaining why taxonomically different predators may release diverse responses within one single prey species. Knowing the exact source of the alarm signals will be of utmost importance for future work within predator-prey interactions. 

Plants are sessile organisms which have endogenous signals (hormonal comjxnmds) to cope biotic and abiotic challenges (Gdroy Trewavas, 2001). Phytohormones are chemical cues which are produced at relatively low concentrations and move aroimd the plant triggering diverse responses in tissues and cells. Some of the most important characteristics of endogenous hormonal elements are (Opik Rohe, 2005) ... 

Ho THD, Shih S, Kleinhofs A (1980) Screening for barley mutants with altered hormone sensitivity in their aleurone layers. Plant Physiol 66 153-157 Ho THD, Nolan RC, Shute DE (1981) Characterization of a gibberellin-insensitive dwarf wheat, D 6899 Evidence for a regulatory step common to many diverse responses to gibberellins. Plant Physiol 67 1026-1031... 

These diverse responses will require an integrated command-and-control system that includes federal, state, and local jurisdictions. In short, managing... 

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