Germanium phosphorus compounds

Proof that a double bond is present is best illustrated by the reactions of a germanium phosphorus compound, an orange crystalline solid. If treated with HCl, HOH, or CH3OH, the compound undergoes an addition reaction similar to alkenes, and its orange color is discharged as it forms a saturated colorless product ... 

Aldehydes and diethyl(triethylgermyl)phosphine give (38) while unsaturated aldehydes and ketones form 1,4-dipolar addition products (39), presumably via ionic cleavage of the germanium-phosphorus bond. Hydrolysis of these compounds produces the y-substituted phosphorus aldehydes or ketones. -... 

The reaction of phosphine (produced in situ from magnesium phosphide and hydrogen chloride in dioxan solution) with 1,5-diketones gives106 the phosphorina-none derivatives (104). Carbonyl compounds and heterocumulenes (e.g. CO2, CS2) insert into the germanium-phosphorus bond of germaphospholans to form derivatives of the germaphosphepin system [e.g. (105)].106>107... 

Light-emitting diodes -arsenic m [ARSENIC AND ARSENIC ALLOYS] (Vol 3) -gallium and indium nitrides in [NITRIDES] (Vol 17) -germaniumm [GERMANIUM AND GERMANIUMCOMPOUNDS] (Vol 12) -phosphorus compounds m [PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS] (Vol 18) -use m biosensors [BIOSENSORS] (Vol 4)... 

Classes of organic compounds analysed by this technique include non ionic surfactants, fatty acids, hydrocarbons (all types), organochlorine compounds, organosulphur and phosphorus compounds, substituted aromatic compounds, NT A, EDTA and insecticides and herbicides. Organometallic compounds studied include those of arsenic, lead, germanium, mercury and tin. 

Most of the complexes of germanium, tin, and lead in the IV oxidation state contain halide ions or donor ligands that are oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus compounds. 

The direct linking of like atoms, such an essential feature of carbon chemistry, occurs to only a limited extent with other elements. Metal-metal bonds are not uncommon but they are always weak examples are found in the polynuclear carbonyls (p. 306) and compounds such as SugRg and PbgRfi (R = alkyl). Among the other non-metals catenation is displayed by boron, silicon, germanium, phosphorus and sulphur none of the substances... 

The Ag-DDTC method was used for determination of arsenic in waters [42,47,78-80], plant materials [41,48], food products [82], sewage and sediments [83], iron ores [44], cast iron and steel [45,84], copper and its salts [22,45], silver and gold [85], high purity reagents [21,46], germanium dioxide [86], hydrofluoric acid [87], phosphorus compounds [88], and sulphur 89]. 

When the ester interchange step is completed, a phosphorus compound, usually an organic phosphate, phosphite, or polyphosphoric acid, is added to complex the El catalyst and thus deactivate it. Antinomy oxide, or less commonly germanium or titanium oxides, is added at a level of 150 to 450 ppm to serve as a polycondensation (PC) catalyst. The mixture is heated to 280-295 C, and a vacuum of... 

Aminolysis of the corresponding halides is the preferred method for the S3T1 thesis of dialkylamino derivatives of boron, silicon, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic, and sulfur. (Dialkylamino) chlorosilanes are prepared stepwise by the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with dialkylamines. This method may be utilized equally well for the conversion of alkyl- or aryl-substituted halides [e.g., (CH3) SiCl4. ] or of oxide and sulfide halides (e.g., POCI3 or PSCI3) to the corresponding dialkylamino compounds. 

Escendie, 1., Courte, C., Stage, J., Andrianarison, M., and Andrinizake, 1. D. (1985). 2,2,-Dimesityl-l-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl phenyl) germa-phosphene The first stable compound with a germanium-phosphorus double bond, Am. Chem. Soc. 107,3378. 

Professor David W. H. Rankin is professor emeritus of structural chemistry at the University of Edinburgh. His work in synthetic chemistry of volatile germanium and phosphorus compounds involved a wide range of spectroscopic and structural methods, which became the focus of his research. He developed methods of combining data from many experiments, particularly gas electron diffraction, and later combined experimental and theoretical data. 

Unsolvated organomagnesium compounds have been recommended for the synthesis of organometallic derivatives of mercury, boron, aluminum, silicon, germanium, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony6-8 and have been used in procedures for the alkylation of aromatic rings and for the production of various polymerization catalysts.4 9... 

Treatment of diethyl(triethylgermyl)phosphine (62) with carbonyl compounds results in cleavage of the phosphorus-germanium bond, although the isolated products are highly dependent upon the structure of... 

There are a few isolated cases of the addition of amines, thiols, carboxylic acids, and a phosphorus ylide to doubly bonded germanium compounds. Again, the reactions are regioselective, with the nucleophilic portion of the weak acid adding to the germanium and the proton adding to the heteroatom. 

The resistance of the E14-S bond in cyclotrimetallathianes toward nucleophilic reagents, for example, water and alcohol,62 increases on going from the silicon compounds to the corresponding germanium and tin derivatives. This is due, most likely, to the fact that the reaction of less nucleophilic ylides with phenyl groups at the phosphorus atom with trithianes (R2MS)3 (M = Ge, Sn) occurs slowly and is impeded by several side processes. 

The present volume comprises 17 chapters, written by 27 authors from 11 countries, and deals with theoretical aspects and structural chemistry of peroxy compounds, with their thermochemistry, O NMR spectra and analysis, extensively with synthesis of cyclic peroxides and with the uses of peroxides in synthesis, and with peroxides in biological systems. Heterocyclic peroxides, containing silicon, germanium, sulfur and phosphorus, as well as transition metal peroxides are treated in several chapters. Special chapters deal with allylic peroxides, advances in the chemistry of dioxiranes and dioxetanes, and chemiluminescence of peroxide and with polar effects of their decomposition. A chapter on anti-malarial and anti-tumor peroxides, a hot topic in recent research of peroxides, closes the book. 

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