Geothermal geysers

C. Stone, ed.. Monograph on The Geyser s Geothermal Field, Geothermal Resources Council, Davis, Calif., 1992. 

Located in Sonoma and Lake Counties in Calif., the geysers complex produces over 900,000 kW of electricity using steam from geothermal wells 7,000 to 10,000 feet below the surface. (U.S. Department of Energy)... 

The major facility for generating electricity from geothermal sources is at The Geysers iu Northern California. Generation at The Geysers is declining both for economic reasons and because of reduced steam pressure. However, other facilities continue to produce steady quantities of electricity. 

Geysers near San Francisco begin supplying geothermal electric power. 

D. A. Glowka, G. E. Loeppke, P. B. Rand, and E. K. Wright. Laboratory and field evaluation of polyurethane foam for lost circulation control, volume 13 of The geysers—three decades of achievement A window on the future, pages 517-524. Geothermal Resources Council, Davis, CA, 1989. 

Cuprasol Also called EIC. A process for removing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from geothermal steam by scrubbing with an aqueous solution of copper sulfate. The resulting copper sulfide slurry is oxidized with air, and the copper sulfate re-used. The sulfur is recovered as ammonium sulfate. Developed by the EIC Corporation, MA, and demonstrated by the Pacific Gas Electric Company at Geysers, CA, in 1979. 

D Amore, F. Truesdell, A. H. 1979. Models for steam chemistry at Larderello and the Geysers. In Proceedings 5th Stanford Geothermal Engineering Workshop, Stanford, 283-297. 

Dellinger, M. 1997. The Lake County Geysers effluent pipeline injection project. Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin, 26, 218-223. 

Gianelli, G. Puxeddu, M. 1992. Geologic comparison between Larderello and The Geysers geothermal fields. Abstracts of the 29th IGC, Kyoto, 3/3, 853. 

Read, M. J. Campbell, G. E. 1975. Environmental impact of development in the Geysers geothermal field, USA. In Proceedings Second United Nations Symposium on the Development and Use of Geothermal Resources, San Francisco, 20-29 May 1975, 1399-1410. 

Smith, B., Beau., J. Stark, M. 2000. Induced seismicity in the Geysers field, California, USA. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2000, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, 28 May-10 June 2000, 2887-2892. 

Beall, J. J. 1993. The history of injection recovery in the units 13 and 16 area of the Geysers Steamfield. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 17, 211-214. 

Beall, J. J., Enedy, S. L. Box, W. T. Jr. 1989. Recovery of injected condensate as steam in the south Geysers field. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 13, 351-358. 

Enedy, S., Enedy, K. Maney, J. 1991. Reservoir response to injection in the southeast Geysers. Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, 75-82. 

Gambill, D. T. 1990. The recovery of injected water as steam at the Geysers. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 14, 1655-1660. 

Goyal, K. P. Box, W. T. Jr. 1992. Injection recovery based on production data in unit 13 and unit 16 areas of the Geysers field. Proceedings of the I7th Stanford Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Workshop, 103-109. 

Gulati, M. S., Lipman, S. C. Strobel, C. J. 1978. Tritium tracer survey at The Geysers. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 2, 237-239. 

Earths interior is quite warm because of radioactive decay and gravitational pressures. In some areas, the heat comes relatively close to Earths surface. When this heat pokes through, we see it as lava from a volcano or steam from a geyser. This is geothermal energy, and it can be tapped for our benefit. Figure 19.22 shows some areas in the United States that have geothermal activity. 

Geochemistry and Environmental Considerations. The geochemistry of steam-dominated geothermal resources is concerned primarily with condensable and noncondensable gases in the steam. The amounts and composition of noncondensable gases in Geysers steam vary rather widely within the steamfield as shown in Table 1. The predominant gas is carbon dioxide (qv) in all cases. The most important noncondensable gas, however, is hydrogen sulfide, because H2S can present both corrosion and environmental problems. 

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