Geotextiles products

Rawal A, Shah T, Anand SC. Geotextiles production, properties and applications. Textile Progrew 2010 42 181-226. 

Also, the past and recent research in the Netherlands, USA, Germany, and in some other coimtries on a number of selected geotextile products (geosystems) has provided some valuable results, which can be of use in preparing a set of preliminary design guidelines for the geotextile systems under current and wave attack. 

Hemp is one fibre type used today for producing modem natural geotextile products this plant is considered native to Central Asia and was subsequently introduced into China where for over 4,500 years it was grown for a wide range of end-uses including geotechnical applications. Thus, in their various primitive forms, natural geotextiles existed for many years. 

The fibres used for natural geotextile products are plant or vegetable fibres, although some research and development studies have considered the use of very low grade sheep s wool and wool waste. Figure 11.1 shows a classification of well known natural fibres. However, the only ones that meet with the technical requirements, cost effectively, are the bast fibres jute, hemp, kenaf and flax (also called soft fibres because they are from the softer region of the plants), and the hard (or leaf) and fruit fibres sisal and coir. Others of the remaining fibres, e.g. wood fibres, are sometimes used as fillers within the textile structure. 

MAR V for geotextiles is defined as a manufacturing quality control tool used to allow manufacturers to establish published values such that the user/purchaser will have a 97.5% confidence that the property in question will meet published values. Typical value of a geotextiles product is the average of the test sample averages, and it is defined as a manufacturing quality control tool used to allow manufacturers to estab-hsh published values such that the user/purchaser will have a 50% confidence that the property in question will meet published values. ... 

Considering that geotextile production is increasingly taking on an international scale beyond national boundaries, one can believe that the quest for performance, cost reduction and increased productivity will drive future developments and investments in this industry in years to come. Continuous improvement processes, value-added products and cost reduction should stimulate the manufacturers of geotextile products and of geotextile equipment. Reduction in down time and maintenance time are also opportunities to reduce the costs identified by manufacturers. Improved quality and process control techniques such as automatic product inspection, use of electronic servo-systems and implementation of statistical process control techniques should also continue to advance in the geotextile industry. 

Geosynthetics are omnipresent in all spheres of applications but natural geotextile products have been used in a limited way for centuries in different ground engineering applications to overcome a number of soil-related problems. There are some important application areas in which treated or untreated, blended or unblended and natural geotextiles are used. 

One of the easiest ways to identify geotextile products is via its mass per unit area. Unfortunately, many manufacturers wUl not print this information on rolls of product delivered to a project site. Therefore, to verify whether the proper product has been delivered, laboratory testing must be performed. It can often take several days to obtain that testing once samples have been cut and transported to the laboratory. It would benefit the industry if a field method to measure mass per unit area were developed and accepted for this purpose. 

Chemical resistance is a term widely used in the geotextiles industry but sometimes not well understood. The reason for the misunderstanding is that chemical resistance may refer to different and sometimes unrelated phenomenon that may affect a geotextile product s performance. It is useful to separate the phenomena that affect the formulated polymer itself and those that affect the hnal product performance. Table 9.2 presents some of the events that can occur when a geotextile product comes into contact with chemicals. 

A case study reported by Raja et al. (2015) produced EC data for two geotextile product ranges produced by two different manufacturers. Raja et al. (2015) used the EE values from the Ecolnvent database to provide a cradle-to-gate EC value for PP... 

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