Geostatistics

Tolosana R (2005) Geostatistics for constrained variables positive data, compositions and probabilities. Application to environmental hazard monitoring. PhD Thesis, Universitat de Girona, Spain... 

Using Geostatistics in Assessing Lead Contamination Near Smelters... 

The same geostatistical algorithm, kriging, gives a standard deviation for each estimate. Thus, the error of interpolation can be... 

Geostatistical techniques, such as variography and kriging, have been recently introduced into the environmental sciences (O Although kriging allows mapping of the pollution plume with qualification of the estimation variance, it falls short of providing a truly risk-qualified estimate of the spatial distribution of pollutants. 

Pebesma EJ (2004) Multivariable geostatistics in S the gstat package. Comput Geosci 30 683-691... 

Terrado M, Kuster M, Raldua D, Lopez de Alda M, Barcelo D, Tauler R (2007) Use of chemometric and geostatistical methods to evaluate pesticide pollution in the irrigation and drainage channels of the Ebro river delta during the rice-growing season. Anal Bioanal Chem 387(4) 1479-1488... 

Geostatistics is on the basis of the concept of stochastic functions, in which a particular set of measured values are considered spatially dependent random variables. A random variable is a variable which can adopt a series of different values according to a probability distribution. 

The spatial distribution of the resolved components (matrix X) was integrated in the geographical information system ArcGIS (v.9.0, 2005, ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) and displayed by means of geostatistical techniques [23] in Fig. 14. Note that the spatial distribution displayed by the geographical information system in this work refers to the distribution (scores) of the main underlying multivariate (multicomponent) patterns and sources of contamination resolved by MCR-ALS, which are not directly measurable and which are also of high environmental relevance. 

Goovaerts P (1997) Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. Oxford University Press, New York... 

Liebhold, A.M., Rossi, R.E., and Kemp, W.P. 1993. Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insect ecology. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 38, 303-327. 

Geostatistical mathematical models can be used to assist investigators to target sampling locations and to avoid sampling in irrelevant areas. These models can be used to generate maps of soil, sediment, water, and groundwater contaminants. 

Variography constitutes a much overlooked QC tool in the process industry at large, and particularly within PAT. This feature is not restricted to industrial processes. Many natural processes can be characterized by variography as well. Examples include many types of time-series, geographical transects, etc. There is a grading overlap with the science of geostatistics. 

Geostatistical processing is one of the most useful and practical methods for evaluation and estimation of a resource. Its BLUE (Best Liner Unbiased Estimator) Kriging not only can indicate the distribution and amount of ore in a resource, but also, based on variance and error of Kriging can identify some parts of ore body, that have lack of data and need more exploration. For a routine Geostatistical processing some issues should be considered ... 

Doctor, P. G. Nelson, R. W. "Geostatistical Estimation of Parameters for Transport Modeling" Pacific Northwest Laboratory Richland, Washington, 1980 PNL-SA-8482. 

Journel, A. G. Huijbregts, C. J. "Mining Geostatistics" Academic Press London, 1978. 

Rendu, J. M. "An Introduction to Geostatistical Methods of Mineral Evaluation" South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Johannesburg, 1978. 

David, M. "Developments in Geomathematics 2, Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation" Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company New York, 1977. 

Methods based on the MVN distribution have been used particularly for autocorrelated data, for example, in time series analysis and geostatistics. Autocorrelation occurs when the same variable is measured on different occasions or locations. It often happens that measurements taken close together are more highly correlated than measurements taken less close together. Environmental data often have some type of autocorrelation. 

Clark, I. Practical Geostatistics , Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., London 1979... 

Kitanidis, P. Introduction to Geostatistics Applications in Hydrogeology-, Cambridge University Press New York, 1997. 

Reis, A.P., Sousa, A.J., Da Silva, E.F. and Fonseca, E.C. (2005) Application of geostatistical methods to arsenic data from soil samples of the Cova dos Mouros mine (Vila Verde-Portugal). Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 27(3), 259-70. 

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