Geographic regulations

Diethylcarbama2ine [98-89-1/ is a pipera2ine derivative which is given daily as a prophylactic for canine heartworm disease Dirofilaria immitis) or as a therapeutic for roundworms. D. immitis is transmitted only by mosquitoes, and therefore the period of administration varies geographically, depending on temperatures and humidity which regulate the mosquito life cycle. 

For most of the twentieth century, LDCs, either investor owned or municipally owned, have had exclusive rights or franchises to distribute gas in specified geographic areas. Regardless of ownership, LDCs are regulated, either by state public utility/service commissions or local government agencies, to assure adequate gas supply, dependable service and reasonable prices for consumers. 

Transporter regulations apply only to the off-site transport of hazardous waste. They do not apply to the on-site transportation of hazardous waste within a facility s property or boundary. On-site refers to geographically contiguous properties, even if the properties are separated by a public road. Consequently, a facility may ship wastes between two properties without becoming subject to the hazardous waste transporter regulations, provided that the properties are contiguous. 

For the moment, then, it is not appropriate to talk of a world pharmaceutical market as such, as there are fragmented domestic markets corresponding to each country s geographical boundaries, each characterized by its own system of price regulation and intervention. 

Zinkernagel RM, et al. Antigen localisation regulates immune responses in a dose- and time-dependent fashion a geographical view of immune reactivity. Immunol Rev 1997 156 199. 

There has been an overall stabilisation of the ATS market with notable contractions seen on both the supply and the demand sides. The market remains highly diversified (geographically and product-wise). It continues to be characterised by youthful consumers, a comparatively inexpensive final product, and low-overhead production which is fairly close to the consumer. Some of these characteristics differentiate it from the markets for opiates, cocaine and cannabis. The ATS markets heavy reliance on regulated precursor chemicals also define its characteristics, as well as its control. In the past this has been a vibrant, highly adaptive market. However, it appears that supply control and demand reduction measures have been effective in suppressing expansion. 

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