Gentamicin sepsis

It is used for pyelonephritis, cystitis, pneumonia, pleural empyema, peritonitis, sepsis, meningitis, purulent skin and soft tissue infections, infected wounds, bums, and so on, which are caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to the dmg. Gentamicin is the dmg of choice for severe bacterial infections caused by undetermined stimuli. Synonyms of this drug are garamycin, gentacylin, ribomycin, and many others. 

The aminoglycosides include streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, netilmicin, and others. They are used most widely against gram-negative enteric bacteria, especially in bacteremia and sepsis, in combination with vancomycin or a penicillin for endocarditis, and for treatment of tuberculosis. 

Getttamidtt. Gentamicin is widely used in the treatment of severe infections. Uses include septicemia, neonatal sepsis, neonatal meningitis, biliary tract infection, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and endocarditis. Gentamicin is frequently used for empiric therapy in presmned gramnegative bacillary infections before the identification and susceptibility of the causative organism are known. Patients with cystic fibrosis and those in intensive care imits often have Pseudomonas infections and are typically treated with gentamicin. 

The risk of ototoxicity from gentamicin in children is probably less than in adults. In many studies of serious neonatal infections treated with gentamicin there have been very few cases that have provided unequivocal evidence of gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. Gentamicin can be an excellent drug in neonatal sepsis, and its potential toxicity should not preclude its use when it is needed. 

After 7 days of antibiotic therapy with intravenous vancomycin, gentamicin, and ticarciUin + clavulanate for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus sepsis, confluent erythematous-based vesicobuUae developed in a 65-year-old woman with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured aneurysm (72). Other medications included ranitidine, glyceryl trinitrate, nimodipine, ferrous sulfate, and phenjrtoin. 

Noone P, Parsons MC, Pattison JR, et al. Experience in monitoring gentamicin therapy during treatment of serious gram-negative sepsis. Br J Med 1974 1 477 81. 

Gentamicin is used for urinary tract infections, burns, some pneumonias, and bone and joint infections caused by susceptible Gram-negative bacteria. It often is used to prevent fouling of soft contact lenses. It also is used in polymer matrices in orthopaedic surgery to prevent sealed-in sepsis. It is given topically, sometimes in special dressings, to burn patients. 

EFAD rats also exhibit prolonged survival time to acute intra-abdominal sepsis compared with normal rats Additionally, conjoint therapy with the aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin, of EFAD rats following faecal peritonitis resulted in an improvement in overall survival at 48 h that was not seen with the antibiotic or EFA-deficiency alone. These observations and the beneficial actions of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors suggest a deleterious effect of these arachidonic acid metabolites in endotoxaemia and sepsis. 

To avoid biliary sepsis, appropriate intravenous antibiotics are administered 1-2 h before the procedure, for example, Ampicillin 1 g and Gentamicin 80 mg. Following PBD, antibiotics should be continued for at least 24 h. 

Briefly, Tinospora cordifolia reduced mortality associated with intra-abdominal sepsis following caecal ligation. Thus, as compared to a mortality of 66 100% on the fifth day after surgery in untreated rats, 15 days of pretreatment with Tinospora cordifolia alone reduced mortality to 33% and further to 16.6% when combined with metronidazole and gentamicin [19]. This effect was reported to be associated with improved macrophage function. Furthermore, the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia was found to be devoid of in vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Sera obtained from rats (n = 10 each) orally treated with the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg were also found to have no antibacterial activity [19]. These data further indicated that Tinospora cordifolia was effective in infections due to its immunostimulant effects. 

Gentamicin is of considerable value in the management of sepsis in the immunosup-pressed renal transplant recipient. It has been suggested, however, that the antibiotic has a deleterious effect on renal function in patients with renal allografts (12 ). Other people with experience in this field have contested this view. They feel that gentamicin is not nephrotoxic in renal transplant patients, provided that it is used with a suitable nomogram and with frequent monitoring of blood levels (13 "). 

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