Genomics milestones

Rodriguez-Concepcion, M. and Boronat, A., Elncidation of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in hacteria and plastids a metabolic milestone achieved throngh genomics. Plant Physiol. 130, 1079, 2002. Rodriguez-Concepcion, M., Early steps in isoprenoid biosynthesis multilevel regulation of the supply of common precursors in plant cells, Phytochem. Rev. 5, 1, 2006. Eisenreich, W., Rohdich, F., and Bacher, A., Deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway to terpenoids, Trends Plant Sci. 6, 78, 2001. 

The sequencing of the human genome has been widely touted as a critical scientific milestone that will revolutionize the process of drug discovery. The continuing analysis of the human genetic code will provide the scientific framework on which... 

The competition among the private and the public initiatives accelerated the human genome project dramatically. Already in June 2000,5 years ahead of the public prospect and even 1 year in advance of his own proposal, Craig Venter announced the completion of the human genome sequence. One of the most important milestones of genetic research had been achieved. 

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme is a member of the class of small ribozymes and functions as a self-cleaving RNA sequence critical to the replication of the virus RNA genome (1, 8, 40). HDV ribozymes are proposed to employ several catalytic strategies that include an important example of general acid/base catalysis that involves a specific cytosine residue in the active site. Indeed, a milestone in our understanding of RNA catalysis was the observation that HDV and other small ribozymes could function in the absence of divalent metal ion cofactors, provided that high (molar) concentrations of monovalent ions are present (41, 42). These high monovalent ion concentrations are believed to stabilize the active RNA conformation, which implies that the primary role of divalent metal ions is in structural stabilization (42). 

The knowledge of the 3.2 biUion base pair human sequence information and information on oiu genetic diversity are milestones in oiu imderstanding of the contribution of genes to many complex problems such as disease predisposition and diversity of drug response by different patients. The manifestations of genetic diversity within the human genome are mostly SNPs, RFLPs (which can be... 

Rodriguez-Concepcion M. and A. Boronat Elucidation of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria and plastids. A metabolic milestone achieved through genomics. Plant Physiol. 130(2002) 1079-1089. 

What is genomics List the milestones in the development of genomics. 

In the summer of 2000, a major milestone was reached in the Human Genome Project, with completion of a working draft sequence for approximately 90 percent of the human genome. In essence, this reflects the acquisition of preliminary sequence data for virtually all of the readily clonable human DNA. This sequence will be refined (i.e., finished to high accuracy) over the next 2 to 3 years. Indeed, the complete, finished sequence for two human chromosomes has already been achieved. 

Four types of heterocyclic bases are involved in the rungs of the DNA ladder, and it is the sequence of these bases that carries the information for protein synthesis. Human DNA consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs. In an effort that marks a milestone in the history of science, a working draft of the sequence of the 3 billion base pairs in the human genome was announced in 2000. A final version was announced in 2003, the 50th anniversary of the structure determination of DNA by Watson and Crick. 

Buetow and coworkers were the first to apply allele-frequency estimations by MALDI-TOF-MS in DNA pools on a genome-wide basis [216]. Recently, several other groups have dissected the major process variables from amplification to MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and have provided proof-of-principle that the approach allows for the identification of major genetic contributors to complex diseases [212-215, 222]. Recently, Ding et al. took these applications one step further when they combined the sensitivity and specificity of the combination of PCR and analysis by MALDI-TOF-MS (which they had demonstrated with the molecular haplo-typing approach) with the quantitative features established in the experiments described above. In this way, it was possible to demonstrate an analysis of mutations in circulating NAs which, ultimately, proved to be an important milestone towards noninvasive prenatal diagnostics [223]. 

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