Genesis

The observation of polymers and the work devoted to their synthesis goes back to the beginning of the nineteenth century. However, the definitions given to them varied until 1920. Flory has shown that the many incidents which occurred during the formation of the basic notions are of great interest even now, and a few notable facts are mentioned below. 

In 1805, Gough studied the elasticity of natural rubber and proposed two laws which were confirmed by Joule in 1859 (1) a piece of rubber, stretched under constant constraint, contracts in a reversible way when its temperature increases (2) the stretching of rubber is a reversible exothermic transformation. 

In 1826, Faraday established the chemical formula of the monomer unit of natural rubber or polyisoprene. 

In 1860, Berthelot polymerized styrene CH2=CH p (where p represents the phenyl group CeH5) and obtained what he called metastyrene (nowadays known as polystyrene). 

In 1863, Lourenso carried out a synthesis of polyethylene glycols of low molecular masses and isolated, one after the other, structures containing N 8 monomer units. 

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Sanskrit, sulvere L. sulpur) Known to the ancients referred to in Genesis as brimstone. 

Genesis mentions that Tubal-Cain, seven generations from Adam, was "an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron."... 

Anglo-Saxon, Seolfor siolfur L. argentum) Silver has been known since ancient times. It is mentioned in Genesis. Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate silver from lead as earl as 3000 B.C. 

GENESEQ GENESIS Gene therapy Genetic code Genetic colonization Genetic engineering... 

W. Day, Genesis of P/anet Earth, House of Tales Publishers, East Lansiag, Mich., 1979, pp. 72—76. 

K. L. Mittel, ed., Suface Contamination Genesis, detection and Control, Vols. 1 and 2, Plenum Press, Inc., New York, 1979. 

Fig. 9. Genesis of acid tain (13). From the oxidation of C, S, and N during the combustion of fossil fuels, there is a buildup in the atmosphere (gas phase, aerosol particles, raindrops, snowflakes, and fog) of CO2 and the oxides of S and N, which leads to acid—base interaction. The importance of absorption of gases into the various phases of gas, aerosol, and atmospheric water depends on a number of factors. The genesis of acid rain is shown on the upper right as an acid—base titration. The data given are representative of the environment in the vicinity of Zurich, Switzedand.

A. E. WiUiams, The Genesis of Diamond, Ernst Berm Ltd., London, 1932. 

A. E. Erederickson, ed., "Problems of Clay and Laterite Genesis," AIME Symposium Volume, American Institute Mining and Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1952. 

The use of bitumen is mentioned even earlier. In the book of Genesis (Chapter 11) we read that the builders in the plain of Shinar (i.e. Babylonia) had brick for... 

Administratively, the genesis of these Laboratories, which initially were called Interdisciplinary Research Laboratories and later. Materials Research Laboratories, involved many complications, most of them in Washington, not least when in 1972 responsibility for them was successfully transferred to the National Science Foundation (NSF). As Sproull cynically remarks To those unfamiliar with the workings of federal government (and especially Capitol Hill), transfer of a program sounds simple, but it is simple only if the purpose of transfer is to kill the program . 

Jean-Baptiste Rome de I lsle (1736-1790) and Rene Haiiy (1743-1822), while they, as remarked, credited Linnaeus with the creation of quantitative crystallography, themselves really deserve this accolade. Rome de I lsle was essentially a chemist and much concerned with the genesis of different sorts of crystal, but his real claim to fame is that he first clearly established the principle that the interfacial... 

This is by way of preliminary to an outline account of the genesis of the magnetic ferrites in the Philips Laboratory, before, during and just after World War ll. The presiding spirit was Jacobus Louis Snoek (1902-1950), a Dutch physicist whom we... 

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