Separator Genesis

In some incubations, sparteine (28) was also formed, and it is suggested to derive from (27) sparteine (28) is known to be a precursor for other alkaloids in whole plants. Experiments with 14C02 in whole plants suggest that sparteine (28) and lupanine (30), a closely related alkaloid, have a separate genesis, possibly with a dehydrosparteine [formed from (27)] as a common intermediate (cf. Vol. 2, p. 26). This is supported by unpublished observations with incubations of the crude alkaloid synthase.11... 

The octahydroindole moiety of these alkaloids, e.g. mesembrenol (101), is known to arise from tyrosine whereas the aryl residue has a separate genesis in phenyl-alanine. ° Utilization of phenylalanine in alkaloid biosynthesis usually occurs via cinnamic acid and its derivatives. This has proved true for mesembrine bases too, efficient incorporations of cinnamic acid (95) and its 4 -hydroxy-derivative (96) being observed. A series of conventional feeding, as well as trapping and dilution, experiments established that alkaloid formation may occur via phloretic... 

Anglo-Saxon, Seolfor siolfur L. argentum) Silver has been known since ancient times. It is mentioned in Genesis. Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate silver from lead as earl as 3000 B.C. 

Propranolol has two separate and distinct effects. The first is a consequence of the drug s (3-blocking properties and the subsequent removal of adrenergic influences on the heart. The second is associated with its direct myocardial effects (membrane stabilization). The latter action, especially at high clinically employed doses, may account for its effectiveness against arrhythmias in which enhanced (3-receptor stimulation does not play a significant role in the genesis of the rhythm disturbance. 

The separation of the waters above the firmament from the waters below, of which mention is made in Genesis, seems to have been made by a kind of sublimation of the more subtle and more tenuous parts, from those which were less so, almost as in a distillation, where the spirits rise and separate from the heavier, more terrestrial parts, and occupy the upper part of the vase, while the grosser ones remain at the bottom. 

This phenomenon is of practical importance in metallurgy [ 142], in materials science and crystal growth [143], in phagocytosis [144,145], in soil mechanics, soil genesis, and the behavior of vegetation in permafrost and cold regions 1146], and in the separation of various types of solid particles from one another by particle chromatography [147,148]. 

Figure 7 Wt.% Na20, wt.% Ti02, and ppm Sc versus other trace-element concentrations in ppm, for primitive arc lavas. Again, these plots clearly separate andesites from basalts. Primitive andesites from the oceanic, western Aleutians plot with other primitive andesites from continental arcs. Combined heavy REE, Y, Sc, Ti, and V depletion are indicative of either an important role for garnet fractionation, or a more depleted mantle source, in the genesis of primitive andesites as compared to primitive basalts. Data and symbols as for Figure 6.

Perhaps the best-studied deposits associated with oceanic ridges are those in the Red Sea, yet they are somewhat anomalous because of the proximity of continental landmasses, and the apparent involvement of continental material in their genesis. Good descriptions of the deposits and their inferred origin can be found in Shanks and Bischoff (1980) and Scholten et al. (2000). Overlying the metal-rich sediments is a dense, hot brine, from which they are believed to have been deposited. This lower brine is, in turn, separated from seawater by a second brine of intermediate composition, which is probably a mixture of the... 

Proteinoids produced in laboratories can cluster together into droplets that separate, and that may protect their components from degrading influences of the surrounding environment. These droplets are like extremely simple cells, although they can not reproduce. Such droplets are called microspheres. When fats (i.e., lipids) are present, the microspheres that form are even more cell-like. If a mixture of linked amino acids called polypeptides, sugars called polysaccharides, and nucleic acids is shaken, droplets called coacervates will form. All of these kinds of droplets are called protobionts, and they may represent a stage in the genesis of cellular life. 

The basic postulate for oil-shale genesis is a stratified lake, separating the lake waters into two nonmixing layers. 

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