Generic Molecular Structures

Other more exotic types of calamitic liquid crystal molecules include those having chiral components. This molecular modification leads to the formation of chiral nematic phases in which the director adopts a natural helical twist which may range from sub-micron to macroscopic length scales. Chirality coupled with smectic ordering may also lead to the formation of ferroelectric phases [20]. 

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Fig. 2. The generic molecular structure of calamitic liquid crystals illustrating the semi-rigid core fragments, the positions of the end-groups (C and A), linking groups (B) and, possibly, laterally substituted groups (L)...

Figure 8 Molecular structures of (a) [Me2Cd(2,2 -bipy)] (b) a generic trimethylgallium etherate (c) [ Me3Ga 2(/i-dppe)] (d) [ Me3In 2(/i-MBDA)] (MBDA = 4,4 -methylene-bis(Ar,iV -dimetliylamline)) ...

Currently, karma s rules are formulated in an if-then format. A rule may have multiple conditions, conclusions, and actions, karma takes advantage of both the forward and backward chainers for derivation of the three-dimensional receptor model. For example, two types of rules, generic and specific, can be defined en irically from the results of QSAR as well as from molecular structure. 

Figure 17. (a) Generic reaction path for charge transfer reactions with both channels of harpooning and electron transfer indicated. Molecular dynamics of the Bz/l2 bimolecular reaction is shown at the bottom, (b) Observed transient for the Bz/l2 reaction (I detection) and the associated changes in molecular structure. Note that we observe the two channels of the reaction, shown in (a), with different kinetic energies and rises of the I atom. 

A surface can be recognized only as an interface. In this strict sense, only interfacial properties of a solid surface can be considered, and generic surface properties of a solid based on atomic or molecular structure, particularly of a polymer, are misleading concepts. 

Ether An organic compound in which an oxygen atom is interposed between the two carbon atoms (or organic groups) in the molecular structure, giving the generic formula ROR. ... 

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are discrete molecular structures composed of metal cations bridged by oxide anions. They are not multi-metal species with metal-metal bonding, one conventional definition of clusters, but they are clusters in the generic sense of the word. A number of general reviews on POMs have appeared in recent years.1-13 Since a great majority of these structures are anionic, and thus salts with obligatory cations, and constituted primarily of early-transition-metal (d-block) elements in their highest oxidation states, the... 

Stoddart and co-workers have developed molecular switch tunnel junctions [172] based on a [2]rotaxane, sandwiched between silicon and metallic electrodes. The rotaxane bears a cyclophane that shuttles along the molecular string toward the electrode and back again driven by an electrochemical translation. They used electrochemical measurements at various temperatures [173] to quantify the switching process of molecules not only in solution, but also in self-assembled monolayers and in a polymer electrolyte gel. Independent of the environment (solution, self-assembled monolayer or solid-state polymer gel), but also of the molecular structure - rotaxane or catenane - a single and generic switching mechanism is observed for all bistable molecules [173]. 

Water and Aqueous Mixtures. Water is the most abundant and important soft matter. Water is important for biological systems to function. The human body contains more than 80% water. It has the simplest molecular structure, but ironically the interpretation of its relaxation dynamics is most controversial in the last many decades of scientific research of soft matter. We have analyzed past and recent experimental data of water in various situations and show the ubiquitous presence of the JG p-relaxation of water that bear exactly the same relation to the a-relaxation as in generic glassformers." Here we show an example from mixtures of 35 wt.% of water with various ethylene glycol... 

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