Generalized injury

The major injuries associated with cold conditions are either generalized (affects the whole body) or localized (affects a part of the body). A generalized injury from extremes of cold is hypothermia localized injuries include frostbite and trenchfoot. 

There are several other means of disrupting cells ultrasonication, freezing and thawing, hypotonic treatment, etc. These procedures may be attempted when coaxial homogenizers and blendors prove ineffective. Unfortunately, they are generally injurious to mammalian subcellular structures. 

The compound is not effective when appHed as a preharvest dormancy agent on potatoes and it should not be used until injuries to the tuber coat have healed. Neither should it be appHed until some suberization has occurred, generally two weeks after storage at >10° C (23). CIPC is widely used outside the United States on a number of crops as a herbicide. 

Oral Toxicity. Alkan olamines generally have low acute oral toxicity, but swallowing substantial quantities could have serious toxic effects, including injury to mouth, throat, and digestive tract. 

The pneumatic classification system should be designed to handle ha2ardous dust (28). A ha2ardous dust is one which, when finely divided and suspended in air in the proper concentration, bums, produces violent explosions, or is sufficiently toxic to be injurious to personnel health (see Air pollution control methods Powders, handling). At the least, almost any dust can be irritating to personnel because of inhalation or skin or eye contact. Fully oxidi2ed and hydrated materials are generally considered safe. 

In addition to the effect of biological variabihty in group response for a given exposure dose, the magnitude of the dose for any given individual also determines the severity of the toxic injury. In general, the considerations for dose—response relationship with respect to both the proportion of a population responding and the severity of the response are similar for local and systemic effects. However, if metabohc activation is a factor in toxicity, then a saturation level may be reached. 

General Observations. Animals are inspected at frequent intervals in order to discover any departure from normal appearance and function, the presence of abnormal patterns of behavior, and any other differences from the control animals. Simple observation of the animals may give information of considerable importance in assessing potential for toxicity and giving preliminary guidance on the nature of any injury. 

Methods of testing for eye and skin irritation potential have been reviewed (137). The official FHSA procedure for evaluating ocular irritation potential of detergent products is a modified Drai2e rabbit eye test (138). Some controversy surrounds this method at present, and a search for a procedure less injurious to test animals is in progress. In general, the order of irritation is cationic > anionic > nonionic (139). 

Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in the United States hy Industry, 1990, bulletin 2399 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C., Apr. 1992. General Reference... 

B) Comprehensive General Liahility Insurance (including contractual lia-hility, products, and completed operations) with a hodily injury, death, and property damage combined single limit of (X) per occurrence and... 

Substances which cause injury at Visceral organs in general Many halogenated hydrocarbons ... 

Direct eye contact with liquid produces injury, generally transient, to the corneal epithelium. The liquid is mildly imtating to the skin due to the degreasing effect repeated contact may cause dermatitis. Ingestion of substantial quantities of liquid can damage the mucous membranes, and produce acute effects ranging from mild discomfort to profound anaesdiesia. 

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