General case, definition

The CDC has not published a specific case definition for intoxication by urticants. However, the general case definition for vesicants states "A case in which a vesicant is detected in biologic samples. The case can be confirmed if laboratory testing is not performed because either a predominant amount of clinical and nonspecific laboratory evidence is present or an absolute certainty of the etiology of the agent is known."... 

Here in Chapter 1 we make the additional assumptions that the fluid has constant density, that the cross-sectional area of the tube is constant, and that the walls of the tube are impenetrable (i.e., no transpiration through the walls), but these assumptions are not required in the general definition of piston flow. In the general case, it is possible for u, temperature, and pressure to vary as a function of z. The axis of the tube need not be straight. Helically coiled tubes sometimes approximate piston flow more closely than straight tubes. Reactors with square or triangular cross sections are occasionally used. However, in most of this book, we will assume that PFRs are circular tubes of length L and constant radius R. 

It is definitely necessary to extend this kind of theory to a general case in which the ordinary transition state and the potential surface crossing position are separated from each other. 

Thus far we have considered the eigenvalue decomposition of a symmetric matrix which is of full rank, i.e. which is positive definite. In the more general case of a symmetric positive semi-definite pxp matrix A we will obtain r positive eigenvalues where r general case we obtain a pxr matrix of eigenvectors V such that ... 

According to the electronic theory, a particle chemisorbed on the surface of a semiconductor has a definite affinity for a free electron or, depending on its nature, for a free hole in the lattice. In the first case the chemisorbed particle is presented in the energy spectrum of the lattice as an acceptor and in the second as a donor surface local level situated in the forbidden zone between the valency band and the conduction band. In the general case, one and the same particle may possess an affinity both for an electron and a hole. In this case two alternative local levels, an acceptor and a donor, will correspond to it. 

CDC Case Definition Acute onset of hypertonia and/or painful muscular contractions (usually of the muscles of the jaw and neck) and generalized muscle spasms without other apparent medical cause. 

CDC Case Definition A mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by acute onset and constitutional symptoms followed by a brief remission and a recurrence of fever, hepatitis, albuminuria, and symptoms and, in some instances, renal failure, shock, and generalized hemorrhages. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis is (1) fourfold or greater rise in yellow fever antibody titer in a patient who has no history of recent yellow fever vaccination and cross-reactions to other flaviviruses have been excluded or (2) demonstration of yellow fever virus, antigen, or genome in tissue, blood, or other body fluid. 

Quantification of the limits of detection (LOD), or minimum detectable levels (MDL statistically defined in Section 13.4), is an important part of any analysis. They are used to describe the smallest concentration of each element which can be determined, and will vary from element to element, from matrix to matrix, and from day to day. Any element in a sample which has a value below, or similar to, the limits of detection should be excluded from subsequent interpretation. A generally accepted definition of detection limit is the concentration equal to a signal of twice (95% confidence level) or three times (99% confidence) the standard deviation of the signal produced by the background noise at the position of the peak. In practice, detection limits in ICP-MS are usually based on ten runs of a matrix matched blank and a standard. In this case ... 

The definition of equilibrium constants for such general cases is most conveniently done via the so-called formation constants fixyz, which are defined in the following way ... 

A set of nonlinear parameters Aj, in general case, is unique for each function To satisfy the requirement of square integrability of the wave function, each matrix must be positively defined. It imposes certain restrictions on the values that the elements of matrix A may take. To ensure the positive definiteness and to simplify some calclations, it is very convenient to represent matrix A in a Cholesky factored form. 

General Case. If an electrolytEAv Bv dissociatES into v+ positive ions of charge Z+ and V- negative ions of charge Z the general definitions for the activities and the activity coefficients are... 

Table 19.1 summarizes the empirical expression of the limiting law and the definitions of the ionic activities, molality ratios, and activity coefficients for a few substances and for the general case of any electrolyte. 

In the general case, as has also been shown, the same chemisorbed particle on the same adsorbent may simultaneously be both acceptor and donor, possessing a definite affinity both for a free electron and a free hole. We observe that structural defects which are simultaneously acceptors and donors are well known in the theory of the solid state. Take, for example. 

That said above does not mean that a semiempirical parameterization based on the HFR MO LCAO scheme and valid for a certain narrow class of compounds or even for a specific purpose cannot be built. It is done for example in [69] for iron(H) porphyrins. But in a more general case there is no way to arrive to any definite conclusion [76] about the validity of a semiempirical parameterization in the HFR context. On the other hand we have to mention that the semiempirical method ZINDO/1 [77] which allows for... 

We now need to convert dco into terms involving the spherical coordinates 9 and cf>. As shown in Fig. 3.19a, a given solid angle co traces an area a on the surface of a sphere of radius r. When a = r2, the solid angle co is by definition 1 sr (sr = steradian). For the more general case of a surface area a subtended by the solid angle co,... 

In both parts of the system the rate constant k is the same. Accepting, however that any reaction involving the polymer chain in proximity of template molecules, during at least part of its lifetime, may be called template or matrix polymerization. Polymerization proceeding outside the template is the secondary reaction. It is also convenient to generalize this definition to the step reactions, including in the template polymerization such cases in which polymerization proceeds only partially on the template. 

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