Gene polymorphism

Opioids act on heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptors. Three types of opioid receptors (p, 8, k) have been cloned. Additional subtypes (e.g., pl3 p2, 81 82), possibly resulting from gene polymorphisms, splice variants or alternative processing have been proposed. Opioid receptors are localized and can be activated... 

Examples of a polymorphism include single nucleotide substitutions, insertions and deletions of nucleotides, and repetitive sequences. While most polymorphisms are harmless and part of normal human genetic variations, studies have established links between certain gene polymorphisms and metabolic alterations or human diseases. 

Tan EC, Tan CH, Karupathivan U, et al Mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and heroin dependence in Asian populations. Neuroreport 14 569—572, 2003... 

Gulsen O. Shearman R. C. Heng-Moss T. M. Mutlu N. Lee D. J. Sarath G. (2007) Peroxidases gene polymorphism in buffalograss and other grasses / / Crop Science. V. 47. P. 767-774. 

Gerh G, VaneUi C, Turn O, Erario M, GardeUini A, Pughano M, Biondi ML (2005) SDEl-3 A gene polymorphism is associated with chronic myeloprohferative disease and thrombotic events. Chn Chem 51 2411-2414... 

Struyf F, Thoelen I, Charlier N, et al. Prevalence of CCR5 and CCR2 HIV-coreceptor gene polymorphisms in Belgium. Hum Hered 2000 50(5) 304-307. 

Hizawa N, Yamaguchi E, Furuya K, Jinushi E, Ito A, Kawakami Y. The role of the C-C chemokine receptor 2 gene polymorphism V64I (CCR2-64I) in sarcoidosis in a Japanese population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 159(6) 2021-2023. 

Simeoni E, Winkelmann BR, Hoffmann MM, et al. Association of RANTES G-403A gene polymorphism with increased risk of coronary arteriosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2004 25(16) 1438-1446. 

Kim, H., Lim, S. W.et al. (2006). Monoamine transporter gene polymorphisms and antidepressant response in Koreans with late-life depression. JAMA, 296(13), 1609-18. 

Cashman, J. R. etal. (2001). Population distribution ofhuman flavin-containing monooxygenase form 3 gene polymorphisms. Drug Metab. Dispos., 29, 1629-37. 

Kim, D.K.et al. (2000). Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and antidepressant response. Neuroreport, 11,215-19. 

Yoshida, K. et al. (2002). Monoamine oxidase a gene polymorphism, tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphism and antidepressant response to fluvoxamine in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 26, 1279-83. 

Lin, C. N., Tsai, S. J. Hong, C. J. (2001a). Association analysis of a functional G protein beta3 subunit Gene polymorphism (C825T) in mood disorders. Neuropsychobiology, 44, 118-21. 

Scharfetter, J., Chaudhry, H. R., Hornik, K. etal. (1999). Dopamine D3 receptor gene polymorphism and response to clozapine in schizophrenic Pakistani patients. Eur. Neuropsychophar-macol., 10, 17-20. 

Yoshida, K., Takahashi, H., Higuchi, H. etal. (2004). Prediction of antidepressants response to milnacipran by norepinephrine transporter gene polymorphisms. Am. J. Psychiatry, 161(9), 1575-80. 

Fu, Y., Fan, C. H., Deng, H. H. et al. (2006b). Association ofCYP2D6 andCYP 1A2 gene polymorphism with tardive dyskinesia in Chinese schizophrenic patients. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 27(3), 328-32. 

Huang, Y., Liu, X. H., Xu, K. et al. (2002b). Association study of cytochrome P450 2D6 gene polymorphism and therapeutic response to risperidone in Chinese subjects with schizophrenia. Journal of Chinese Psychiatry, 35(2), 103-6. 

Qi, X. 1., Huang, Y., Wang, Y. Q. et al. (2004). Association of plasma sodium phenytoin concentration with CYP2C19 gene polymorphism. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 13( 10), 922-5. 

Wang, X. X., Mu, J. S. Wang, S. H. (2004). Association study of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and depression. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 14(4), 195-7. 

Wang, Y. H., Shi, Z. Y., Zhao, G. Q. et al. (2006). Association between 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphism and risperidone treatment response in the first episode (drug-naive) Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 32(4), 294-9. 

Zhang, S., Dong, Z. W., Tang, L. et al. (2002). Cytochrome P450 2C19 gene polymorphism in four Chinese nationality populations. Journal of Chinese Medical Genetics, 19(1), 52 4. 

Lee, H.-J., Cha, J.-H., Ham, B.-J. etal. (2004). Association between a G-protein boldbeta3 subunit gene polymorphism and the symptomatology and treatment responses of major depressive disorders. Pharmacogenomics J., 4, 29-33. 

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