Gelled paints

Large volumes of soap are used in industrial applications as gelling agents lor kerosene, paint driers, and as surfactants in emulsion polymerization. See also Soaps. Concern over water eutrophication resulted in a ban of phosphorus in laundry detergents. Phosphates have been effectively replaced by combinations of zeolite, citrate, and polymers, coupled with rebalanced synthetic active systems. Soap itself is generally present only as a minor component of surfactants. 

Straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acids derived from petroleum that also have a terminal cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl group are known as naphthenic acids. They form complexes, presumably polymeric, with many transition metals, and these compounds are freely soluble in petroleum. Copper naphthenates are used as fungicides, aluminum naphthenate was used as a gelling agent in napalm, and cobalt naphthenates are used in paints. 

Gelling (livering). Deterioration of a paint or varnish by the partial or complete changing of the medium into a jelly-hke condition. The cause of this condition may be a chemical reaction between certain pigments and vehicles (such as zinc oxide and an acidic vehicle) or between atmospheric oxygen and oxidisable or polymerisable oils in the vehicle. A paint that has gelled to a livery mass that will not disperse on stirring, even with added solvent, is unrecoverable. 

Use A gelling agent for liquid hydrocarbons, and a paint additive. 

Use Lubricants, plasticizers, paint and varnish vehicles, gelling agents, urethane intermediates, adhesives, cross-linking agents, humectants, textile fiber finishes, functional fluids, surface-active agents, dispersants and emulsifiers in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic preparations. 

Paint Stability. Table III shows that paints containing the higher levels of zinc oxide had a greater viscosity drop after heat aging, and gelled after three freeze-thaw cycles. At 0.5 eq of zinc per COOH unit, both the zinc oxide and zinc ammonium carbonate paints were stable. 

Products and Uses Typically used in dental cements, cosmetics, paints and varnishes as a gelling agent, an antacid, and a cement component. 

Many properties of liquid paints can be measured with considerable accuracy. Samples must be homogeneous. They must also be sufficiently large to be representative for a given batch. Impurities and permanent material defects (e.g., skin formation, a hard sediment, or gelling of the paint) can be detected. The most common investigations to which a sample is subjected before starting the tests are described in ISO 1513. Only those tests that are important for paint storage, transportation, and application are described here. 

Uses Emulsifier, pigment dispersant, solubilizer, wetting agent in industrial applies., cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pulp/paper, metalworking, lubricants, textiles, agric., paints, adhesives enhances gelling of other surfactants in w/o emulsions... 

Uses Plasticizer for paints and varnishes based on nitrocellulose, polymers, and syn. latexes quickly gelling additional plasticizer for PVC, for plugs and plug connectors, push buttons, and turning knobs Features Readily gelling Palatinol K [BASF AG]... 

Chem. Descrip. Dimethyl phthalate CAS 131-11-3 EINECS/ELINCS 205-011-6 Uses Plasticizer for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, nail polishes, deodorants, paints, varnishes Features Lightfast readily gelling Pale 4 [CasChem]... 

Uses Antigellant, stabilizer for solv.-based vinyl and vinyl-acrylic paints Features Restores gelled vinyl paints by breaking the gel Use Level 0.3-0.7% (stabilizer) 0.5-1.2% (gel-breaking)... 

Uses Drier for paints, in food-contact coatings gelling agent for liq. hydrocarbons thickener for gasoline Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 175.300... 

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