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Gastrointestinal system function

High concentrations of KOP have been found in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus KOP is also present in the gastrointestinal tract, in immune cells as well as in other peripheral tissues. KOPs have been implicated in the regulation of nociception, diuresis, feeding, neuroendocrine and immune system functions [2]. [Pg.905]

Pituitary Adenylyl Cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is a 38-amino acid peptide (PACAP-38), which is widely expressed in the central nervous system. PACAP is most abundant in the hypothalamus. It is also found in the gastrointestinal tract, the adrenal gland and in testis. Its central nervous system functions are ill-defined. In the periphery, PACAP has been shown to stimulate catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla and to regulate secretion from the pancreas. Three G-protein coupled receptors have been shown to respond to PACAP, PAQ (PACAP type I) specifically binds PACAP, VPACi and VPAC2 also bind vasoactive intestinal peptide (VDP). Activation of PACAP receptors results in a Gs-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase. [Pg.979]

ROBERFROID M B (1996) Functional effects of food components and the gastrointestinal system chicory fructooligosaccharides. Nutr Rev. 54 S38-42. [Pg.183]

Zweibaum A, M Laburthe, E Grasset, D Louvard. (1991). Use of cultured cell lines in studies of intestinal cell differentiation and function. In M Field, CA Frizzell, eds. Handbook of Physiology, Section 6, The Gastrointestinal System, Vol. IV, Intestinal Absorption and Secretion. Bethesda, MD Am Physiol Society, pp 223-255. [Pg.332]

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), also known as the visceral or involuntary nervous system, functions below the level of consciousness. Because it innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and various endocrine and exocrine glands, this nervous system influences the activity of most of the organ systems in the body. Therefore, it is evident that the ANS makes an important contribution to the maintenance of homeostasis. Regulation of blood pressure gastrointestinal responses to food contraction of the urinary bladder focusing of the eyes and thermoregulation are just a few of the many... [Pg.91]

There is growing evidence that hazardous chemicals can affect the central nervous, reproductive, and gastrointestinal system and cause hematological, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. They can also influence the activity of the immune system by either augmenting or suppressing its function. [Pg.215]

Soluble inorganic arsenic is acutely toxic, and ingestion of large doses leads to gastrointestinal symptoms, disturbances of cardiovascular and nervous system functions, and eventually death. In survivors, bone marrow depression, haemolysis, hepatomegaly, melanosis, polyneuropathy, and encephalopathy may be observed. [Pg.62]

Chemically, arsenic is complex in that it can exist in a variety of forms including trivalent and pentavalent or as arsenic trioxide (computer chip manufacture) and arsenic acid. Arsenic is excreted in skin cells, sweat, hair, and fingernails, which can be seen as white transverse bands. Acute exposure to arsenic results in gastrointestinal pain, sensory loss, cardiovascular failure, and death. Chronic exposure or survival of acute exposure can cause loss of peripheral sensory function and loss of central nervous system function. Chronic arsenic exposure can also cause cancer of the lung and skin (see the chapter on arsenic). [Pg.126]

HT3 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and in the vomiting center of the medulla participate in the vomiting reflex (see Chapter 62). They are particularly important in vomiting caused by chemical triggers such as cancer chemotherapy drugs. 5-HTip and 5-HT4 receptors also play important roles in enteric nervous system function. [Pg.358]

Acute high-level exposures to methylmercury may result in impaired central nervous system function, kidney damage and failure, gastrointestinal damage, cardiovascular collapse, shock, and death. The estimated lethal dose is 10-60 mg kg... [Pg.1279]

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disorder of chloride ion transport in epithelial cells. It especially affects the cells that line the pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems, although the functions of other exocrine glands are also altered. [Pg.591]

Gastrointestinal System. Because historically carbohydrates were considered to function as merely energy storage, such as starch, it is ironic that some newly approved therapeutics are used to heal the gastrointestinal system. [Pg.206]

In animals, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a very important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and also in the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. The structurally similar hormone melatonin is thought to control the diurnal rhythm of physiological functions. [Pg.324]


See other pages where Gastrointestinal system function is mentioned: [Pg.633]    [Pg.633]    [Pg.439]    [Pg.1188]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.135]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.1380]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.252]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.1380]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.832]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.394]    [Pg.471]    [Pg.187]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.90]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.152]    [Pg.39]    [Pg.439]    [Pg.1188]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.907]    [Pg.680]    [Pg.1940]    [Pg.2340]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.38]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.631 , Pg.632 , Pg.633 ]




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Functional systems

Gastrointestinal system

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